A review on morphological characterization, variation and distribution pattern of Eurema butterflies of Peninsular Malaysia - JBES

• Noor Azrizal-Wahid1,2, Mohd Sofian-Azirun1, Mohammed Rizman-Idid1,3

Seven species of Eurema butterflies comprised of 263 adult individuals collected from various sampling sites of Peninsular Malaysia were identified and diagnosed based on their morphological characteristics and variation pattern. The result from diagnosis revealed that the main morphological characteristics that differentiated between the members of Eurema butterflies are the number of cell spots in discoidal cell and the pattern of brown apical patch, both located on the underside of the fore wing.

E. sari, E. bland a and E. tilaha are morphologically distinct and easily identified. Species of Eurema butterflies showed no variations, except for E. hecabe that had variable patterns of fore wing black apical border in several individuals, which corresponded to the altitudinal changes of their sampling sites. The distribution of the genus Eurema in Peninsular Malaysia is also discussed based on the recorded field sampling data.

The record shows that all six species with the exception of E. tilaha which was excluded from this study were evenly distributed across all sampling areas and can be found at most part throughout the Peninsular Malaysia with species of E. andersonii has the most consistent distribution pattern in all four different areas of sampling. This study also suggested that the most common species of the genus Eurema in Malaysia is species of E. blanda while E. tilaha was reported as the rare species.

Get more articles at: Volume 6, Number 3, March 2015 – JBES

Published Journal's: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

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The study of structural characteristics of Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) trees in the Educational - Research forest of Darabkola, Mazandaran - JBES

• Sareh Shabani1*, Mohammd Reza Purmajidiyan2, Seyed Mohammad Hojati3, Hamid Jalilvand2

In this study, the structural properties of Zelkova Carpinifolia trees were compared in pure and mixed stands of educational -Research forest of Darabkola. The inventory was performed selectivelyin 16 circular plots (1000 m2).

In each sample plot, characteristics such as height, diameter at breast height, basal area, total volume, number of trees per hectare were recorded. Although, the study results did not show a significant difference between measured characteristics in pure and mixed stands at 95% level but the average of total height, diameter at breast height, basal area and volume in mixed stands was more than pure stand. 

While the average of tree number per hectare in pure stands was greater than the mixed stands. In addition, for the studied Zelkova carpinifolia trees in the stands the same above conditions were observed. The scatter plot of diameter classes for both pure and mixed stands and also Zelkova Carpinifolia trees represented an unbalanced even aged structure. The findings of this study confirmed that Zelkova Carpinifolia trees in both pure and mixed modes had the same conditions in terms of structure.

Get Full Article at: Volume 6, Number 3, March 2015 – JBES

Published Journal: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

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Diversity of bananas (Musa spp.) in Madura Island, East Java: exploration and inventory - JBES

• Lia Hapsari*, Ahmad Masrum, Dewi Ayu Lestari

Banana exploration study has been conducted in Madura Island covering areas of Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep Districts. This paper presents the results of survey, inventory and diversity of bananas in Madura Island including its habitat aspects, agronomic practices and diseases problems. Results showed that banana plants are widely distributed in Madura Island, it grows wild in coastal line, road sides and river banks, or cultivated mostly by small scale farmers in backyards, drylands, intercropped with annual and/or perennial crops. It’s mostly cultivated subsistently with less consideration to cultivation practices for home consumption or for local markets. Major diseases such as bunchy top and wilts have largely spread to the areas, with highest occurrences and intensities in Bangkalan and Pamekasan Districts. Spreads of leaf late blight disease were found sporadically in all areas; with Pamekasan District has the lowest disease intensity. About 37 recognizable banana cultivars with local Madurese names were known with any possible synonymies within the cultivars.

It comprises of 15 dessert bananas, 17 cooking bananas and 5 dual purposess bananas. From this exploration, about 21 living banana specimens consist of 83 suckers were collected from the sites to be ex-situ conserved in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan.

Get Full Article at: Volume 6, Number 3, March 2015 – JBES

Published Journal: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

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