By: Muhammad Shahab, Sergio Ruffo Roberto, Ronan Carlos Colombo, João Pedro Silvestre, Saeed Ahmed, Renata Koyama, Ibrar Hussain
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 1-9.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.1-9
By: Muhammad Rizwan, Usman Shoukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai, Abdul Ahad Qureshi, Maila-al-Saba Shah, Abdul Haleem
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 10-18.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.10-18
By: Umara Afzal, Muhammad Awais, Pervaiz Anwar, Haleema Bibi, Mehwish Arshad, Mehwish Yaqoob, Faryal Kabir, Muhammad Gulfraz
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 19-28.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.19-28
By: Muhammad Asrar, Mubashra Tabasum, Khizar Samiullah, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Muhammad Samee Mubarik, Riffat Yasin, Shaheen Fatima, Abdul Rauf, Shakeela Naz, Mahpara Gilani, Muhammad Tayyab
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 29-37.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.29-37
By: S. Noor Basha, Murali K.R. Tummuru, A. Krishna Satya, Chitra Bajji, Narendranath Alluri
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 38-44.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.38-44
By: Elibariki Eliangilisa Kowero, Cecilia Leweri, Musa Chacha
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 45-50.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.45-50
By: Hadjira Bouker, Houcine Abdelhakim Reguieg Yssaad, Mohamed Arbaoui, Amaria Belarbi
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 51-57.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.51-57
By: Johara F. Aquino, Sharon Rose M. Tabugo
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 58-67.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.58-67
By: Naveeda Manzoor, Kirn-e-Muneera, Muhammad Adnan S, Naseer Ahmed, Shazia Fatima
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 68-74.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.68-74
By: Martinien Hospice Mahussi Assogba, Chakirath Folakè Arikè Salifou, Serge Gbênagnon Ahounou, Mahamadou Dahouda, Antoine Chikou, Souaïbou Farougou, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
Int. J. Biosci. 13(3), 75-93.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/13.3.75-93
This study was conducted to assess population structure and threat to the sustainable management of woody species in the various ago-ecosystems in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area (LGA) Katsina State, Nigeria. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to collect data from 21 randomly demarcated 100m × 100m sample plots. All woody plant species found in the sample plots with stem diameter >2 cm at 20cm above ground, were recorded. Population structure was summarized by diameter classes. For the identification of threats, field and questionnaire surveys were used. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed at ten questionnaires per ward in five out of the 11 wards in the LGA. 
A study was conducted on carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy fluxes (i.e. latent (L) and sensible heat (H)) above the canopy of mature oil palms planted on the inland mineral soil in Keratong, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. The measurement was conducted over an 18-month period from September 2013 to August 2014, using the eddy covariance method. There was a significant seasonal variation in the monthly averaged CO2 fluxes over the measurement period. The monthly averaged CO2 flux values ranged between -2 to -6 μmol m–2 s–1, with an average value of about -3.5 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1. This could be due to the irregular cumulative monthly precipitation and net radiation during the observation period. Relatively low average monthly CO2 flux (or high uptake of CO2) also corresponds with the lowest monthly average LE and rainfall in months February 2013 and 2014. The negative CO2 flux value shows that the mature oil palm ecosystem from an inland mineral soil area in Peninsular Malaysia was a sink for CO2. Analysis of energy balance closure shows that the slope between latent and sensible heat fluxes and total incoming energy was about 0.69 with an r2 value of 0.86. The slope value obtained in this study suggests that there was a surplus of available energy compared to the measured energy fluxes. Energy balance ratio was about 0.81 and comparable to other agricultural surfaces. This means that 81% of the available energy was accounted through the surface flux measurements.
