Land-Use Transformation Around Haut-Sassandra Forest | JBES 2021

Barima Yao Sadaiou Sabas, Zanh Golou Gizèle, Kouakou Akoua Tamia Madeleine and Kouakou Kouassi Apollinaire, from the institute of the Ivory Coast. Wrote a research article about, Land-Use Transformation Around Haut-Sassandra Fores. Entitled Levers for the transformation of land use on the periphery of the Haut-Sassandra classified forest (Center-WEST of Ivory Coast). This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES.  an open access scholarly research journal on Environmental Sciences.  under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The development of the agricultural sector in Côte d’Ivoire has led to profound changes in forest cover in general and around the protected areas of the State in particular. The aim of this work is to give an account of the process of mutation of the rural space of the classified forest of Haut-Sassandra for a better conservation of the latter. To achieve this objective, satellite images dating from 1997, 2002, 2006, 2013 and 2018 have been classified followed by observations and field surveys. The results show a reduction in forest cover in favour of agriculture. In fact, the forested areas that occupied 18.4% of the landscape in 1997 fell to 4% in 2018 with a conversion of more than 80% of the forested areas to crops. The latter are dominated by three perennial crops with associated food crops. Among these perennial crops, cocoa and coffee are the old ones and are essentially cultivated on a forest cultivation precedent, thus leading to a rarefaction of forest areas. While cashew trees, the third perennial crop, are more recent and were introduced into the area as a result of the increasing scarcity of forest areas. Thus, cashew trees are essentially cultivated on previous crops grown on fallow land and old plantations.

 

Introduction

Agriculture plays a key role in the economic development of Sub-Saharan African countries. In these countries, it accounts on average for 70% of total employment, 40% of export goods and one-third of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Esso, 2009). Thus, among these sub-Saharan African countries, Ivory coast has focused its economic development on the agricultural sector since independence. This sector is the engine of Ivorian growth with the development of cash crops encouraged by the State. According to the economic statistic, agriculture provides about 40% of Ivory coast export earnings and contributes to 15% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Assiri et al., 2016).

However, agricultural pratices led a drastic reduction in forest cover (Koffi et al., 2018). Ivorian forest, which represented about 16 million hectares in 1960, has undergone a rapid reduction in area to less than 2.5 million hectares in 2007 (Chatelain et al., 2004). Agricultural activities are pointed out in Ivory coast as the main driver of deforestation (Desdoigts and Kouadio, 2013 ; Cissé et al., 2016). This is leading to the depletion of forest reserves (Kassin, 2009). Faced with this depletion of forest reserves, a displacement of populations from the pre-forest areas of the Center to forest areas including the Center-West of Ivory Coast in search of land suitable for cocoa production is observed. Furthermore, the displacement of populations in the Center-West of Ivory Coast has increased pressure on the land resources still available and the emergence of inter-community conflicts. Pressure on these resources has increased in both protected and rural areas (Ruf, 2018).

The rural area of the Haut-Sassandra classified forest (CFHS) has experienced a massive displacement of population mainly from central Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso, in search of land suitable for cocoa production (Kouakou et al., 2015), increasing land and forest pressures. Once settled, these populations set up large camps (Oswald, 2005). In the face of these pressures on land and forest resources, monitoring and quantification of the dynamics of land use in the CFHS rural area is relevent in order to inform These natural resources management. Thus, the present study aims to determine the processes of transformation of the rural space of the classified forest of Haut-Sassandra for a better conservation of the latter. Indeed, the classified forest of HautSassandra was declared a permanent domain of the Ivorian state in 1969 (Kouamé, 1998). This forest has been described as a dense semi-deciduous forest with Celtis spp. and Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum, from the mesophilic sector within the Guinean domain (Guillaumet and Adjanohoun, 1971). The flora of the CFHS is highly diversified both at the generic and specific levels (Kouamé, 1998). In 1998, it contained 1047 species composed of several endemic species with special IUCN status. Thus, it accounted for 25% at the species level and 43% at the genus level of the general flora of Ivory Coast (Kouamé et al., 1998). This state-owned area has experienced and continues to experience strong anthropogenic pressure (Kouakou et al., 2018; Kouakou et al., 2017). To date, forest area has decreased by more than 50%, with an annual loss of 17% to crops and housing (Barima et al., 2016, Kouakou et al., 2015; Sangne et al., 2015). This degradation of the CFHS could be the result of the anthropization of its periphery. The identification and understanding of the drivers of the modification of the peripheral areas of the CFHS could allow a better understanding of the pressures exerted in the protected area and guide the manager's decision making.

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Article source : Levers for thetransformation of land use on the periphery of the Haut-Sassandra classifiedforest (Center-WEST of Ivory Coast)

 

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Barangay Officials’ Performance and Leadership | IJB 2025

S. Maria Blanca, Department of the Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Main Campus, Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Wrote a research article about, Barangay Officials’ Performance and Leadership. Entitled, Performance of barangay officials in Zamboanga Del Norte: Basis for generating a training manual on leadership enhancement. This research paper published by the InternationalJournal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The study described the level of performance of the Barangay officials bordering the province of Zamboanga de Norte. Selected Barangays were rated by the officials and residents as to Governance, Barangay Fiscal Administration, Development Planning, Barangay Legislation, Barangay Basic Services and Facilities and Compliance to Directives using standard questionnaires by the Department of Interior and local Government Unit (DILG). The findings revealed that Governance, Barangay Fiscal administration, Development Planning, Barangay Legislation, Barangay Basic Services and Facilities and Compliance to Directives were satisfactorily performed. This necessitate at the barangay officials should look into the six areas for Barangay development and initiate programs in order to augment the livelihood source, income, economy and the constituents quality of life. Importantly Barangay officials should encourage the community people to develop entrepreneurial endeavors as a way of augmenting Barangay income and economy.

 Introduction

The Philippines is currently facing a crisis characterized by stark inequalities in opportunities across nearly all aspects of life. This disparity has reached alarming levels, leaving many citizens struggling to cope. In response, people naturally turn to the government for support—not only to survive these trying times but also to thrive in an increasingly competitive world.

However, the government has fallen short in addressing the challenges, particularly those faced by the country's most marginalized groups. Instead of delivering comprehensive solutions, it has called on everyone to work together and persevere, with the hope that these collective efforts will eventually lead to an improved quality of life for all citizens.

Fajardo et al. (2001) emphasized that the government, faced with the overwhelming challenge of a growing population, struggles with its capacity to mobilize and direct both human and material resources toward achieving social and economic development. Lingayah et al. (1999) evaluated various performance measures of Local Government Units (LGUs), particularly at the barangay level, including training, workshops, planning, and the use of community-based indicators.

Lingayah concluded that for programs and projects to be effectively implemented, the "three legs of the stool" must be firmly in place: (1) clear governance objectives—whether aiming for efficiency, effectiveness, or accountability; (2) a thorough understanding of barangay circumstances, including available resources; and (3) a proper evaluation of the appropriateness of the programs being implemented.

Rohrbaugh (2004) highlighted that a key aspect of organizational performance lies in identifying the factors that contribute to organizational effectiveness. He underscored the significance of implementing a "high-performance" management system as a cornerstone for achieving this goal. Research on highperformance management systems has evolved through various competing approaches to understanding and enhancing organizational effectiveness, offering valuable insights into optimizing performance and achieving sustained success Carreon (2003), in his study titled "Resource Management in Relation to Employee Performance in the Local Government Units of the First Congressional District of Zamboanga del Sur," revealed that the performance of local government units in the district was rated as very satisfactory. Notably, the performance levels were consistent across the board, particularly in areas where effective resource management was evident. This highlights the critical role of resource management in driving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of local government operations.

To address the need for more effective governance, Republic Act 7160, commonly known as the Local Government Code, introduced the principles of decentralization and autonomy. Enacted to empower local governments, it aimed to make them more responsive and accountable to the people (Bederio et al., 2004). Decentralization fosters shared responsibility, enhancing the public's access to decision-making and policy-making processes. According to Nolledo (1998), this framework encourages citizens to move away from passivity, fostering self-reliance while promoting maximum freedom, peace, order, and an overall improved quality of life.

In this context, the evolving and unpredictable dynamics of the barangay political arena require leaders who are both innovative and capable of adopting new strategies to address the complex challenges faced by their communities. These leaders must ultimately strive to enhance the quality of life for their constituents.

To this end, the present study was conducted to evaluate the performance levels of Local Government Units (LGUs) in the localities bordering the province of Zamboanga del Norte. The assessment focused on key areas of local governance, including Barangay Governance, Fiscal Administration, Development Planning, Barangay Legislation, Barangay Basic Services and Facilities, and Compliance with Directives.

The findings of this study aim to serve as a foundation for strengthening barangay functions and responsibilities, ensuring that local governance becomes more effective in responding to the needs of the community and fostering sustainable development.

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Article source : Performance of barangay officials in Zamboanga Del Norte: Basis for generating a training manual on leadership enhancement

 

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Fungal Pathogens of Groundnut Across Senegal | IJMM 2026

Marius Mintu Diedhiou  Nalla Mbaye, Alioune Sall,  Alhousseynou Sarr,  Cheikh Dieye,  Mamadou Mboup,  Maodo Malick Cisse and Papa Madiallacké Diedhiou, from the institute of the Sénégal. Wrote a research article about, Fungal Pathogens of Groundnut Across Senegal. Entitled, Distribution of fungal pathogens of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) across the agro-ecological zones of Senegal. This research paper published by the International journal of Microbiology and Mycology | IJMM. an open access scholarly research journal on Microbiology. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

In Senegal, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the main sources of income for rural farming households. Despite its importance, production is increasingly compromised by various pests-most notably phytopathogenic fungi. These organisms pose a dual threat, undermining agricultural yields while simultaneously jeopardizing consumer safety through mycotoxin. The incidence and spatial dissemination of fungal pathogens are closely tied to the specific environmental and climatic parameters of the cultivation area. This present study was therefore carried out through surveys, to diagnose the main fungal diseases of groundnut throughout the main production areas in Senegal. The surveys were conducted in six regions (Ziguinchor, Kolda, Tambacounda, Kaffrine, Louga and Thiès), covering the four peanut producing agro-ecological zones of the country, namely the Groundnut Basin Agricultural Zone, the Ferlo Sylvo-Pastoral Zone, the Central and Southeastern Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral Zone, and the Southern Forest Zone (Casamance). In each region, three sites were visited and, for each site, five fields were surveyed. Disease incidence and severity were recorded for all symptomatic plants displaying cercospora leaf spot and rust. In cases where field identification was inconclusive, representative samples were collected for subsequent laboratory isolation and fungal characterization. The results led to the identification of 19 fungal genera associated with 15 types of symptoms: Curvularia, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Macrophomina, Alternaria, Bipolaris, Rhizopus, Nigrospora, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Gliocladium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Phoma, Cladosporium, Lasiodiplodia and Puccinia. The most frequent genera were Curvularia (27.23%), Colletotrichum (20.59%) and Fusarium (15.10%). Cercospora leaf spot and peanut rust were the predominant diseases in the Groundnut Basin. Their severity level reached up to 51.83% for cercospora leaf spot and 29.33% for peanut rust. This study highlights the diversity of fungal diseases associated with groundnut and provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies.

Introduction

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a member of the Fabaceae family originating from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina (Stalker, 2017). It is cultivated in more than 100 countries (Ntare et al., 2008) and ranks fourth among the most widely cultivated oilseed crops in the world, with a production of 57.56 million tons in 2024 (FAOSTAT, 2025b).

More than half of the global production comes from China and India, followed by Nigeria and the United States, with much lower production levels (FAOSTAT, 2025a). According to FAOSTAT (2026), Senegal was the world's seventh-largest groundnut producer in 2024. In Senegal, groundnut is cultivated mainly in the Groundnut Basin and the southern regions (DAPSA, 2023). It is a crop of great economic and strategic importance as it represents one of the main sources of income for rural households (ANSD, 2021). Peanut is the leading cash crop in terms of cultivated area, with 1,225,172 hectares (i.e., 70% of the area devoted to cash crops), and in terms of production volume, with 1,501,498 tons in 2022 (DAPSA, 2023). In January 2023, Senegal’s export volume increased by 32.3% due to a strong substantial shipments of unroasted groundnuts, with a monetary value rising from 1.2 billion CFA francs to 46.0 billion CFA francs (ANSD, 2023). The production is intended for household consumption, but also for both industrial and artisanal oil processing of oil (Noba et al., 2014). Groundnut kernels contain, on average, 48 to 50% oil and 26 to 28% protein and represent a rich source of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins (Ntare et al., 2008). Alongside groundnut haulms, the press cake is extensively used as a high-protein feed supplement for livestock (Schmidt and Mejia, 2014).

However, despite its importance for the country, the yields are still low (around 1.3 t/ha) compared to countries like China and Argentina, with 4 t/ha and 3.4 t/ha, respectively (FAOSTAT, 2025b). These low yields could be attributed to different factors such as poor climatic conditions and associated weather phenomena (irregular rainfall), as well as the limited use of organic and mineral fertilizers on soils that are often very poor (CIRAD, 2021).

In addition to these abiotic constraints, groundnut is subjected to a strong pest pressure, which represents the main constraint to its production (Surendra et al., 2015). Various phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for diseases affecting groundnut. Among these fungal agents, the genus Cercospora (responsible for early and late leaf spot) and the genus Puccinia (responsible for peanut rust) have been extensively studied. The symptoms caused by these pathogens are observed on leaves, with a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity of the plant in addition to competition for plant metabolites (Zinsou et al., 2019). In addition to these two major diseases, other foliar diseases are commonly observed on this crop. Therefore, a good understanding of the disease pressure and the causal agents in the different production basins should form the backbone of an efficient control strategy and represents an important step towards improving of productivity and competitiveness.

The present study was therefore conducted with the objectives of identifying and characterizing the fungal pathogens of groundnut, as well as determining the incidence and severity of the two main diseases affecting this crop, namely leaf spot and groundnut rust, in different agro-ecological zones of Senegal.

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Article source : Distribution of fungal pathogens of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) across the agro-ecological zonesof Senegal

 

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Calendula Extract Cytotoxicity in Mouse Fibroblasts | IJB 2024

N. J. Nagaraj, from the institute of the India. S. Pallavi, Nagaraj from the institute of the India. Wrote a research article about, Calendula Extract Cytotoxicity in Mouse Fibroblasts. Entitled, Cytotoxic activity of Calendula officinalis extract on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line using MTT assay- An in vitro study. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Calendula officinalis (CO) is often known as the Pot marigold. It is a common topical therapy in homoeopathic medicine. It contains quercetin, carotenoids, lutein, lycopene, rutin, ubiquinone, xanthophylls, and other antioxidants. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and analgesic properties. The pulp and periapical tissues are in contact with intracanal medications employed during root canal therapy. For any novel material to be used in clinical scenarios, the material’s cytotoxicity must be assessed. Hence this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a novel herbal intracanal medication on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts using the Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium test (MTT assay) (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The CO aqueous extract was utilized for the cytotoxicity test. The 3T3 fibroblast cells were treated by CO in different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) for 48-hour incubation period. Cell viability was determined with MTT assay. CO showed no cytotoxicity when used in less concentration and at highest concentration of 10% showed little cytotoxicity. At optimal concentration, the CO medication showed low cytotoxic effects, indicating that it is safe to use. 

Introduction

The fundamental goal of endodontic therapy is to eliminate pathogens from the root canal system. The root canal system's anatomical complexity may harbor leftover bacteria that withstand biomechanical preparation and result in recurrent periapical infections. The selection of disinfecting agents is critical in achieving a successful longterm endodontic therapy. Intracanal medicaments play a major role in disinfection of root canal system by neutralising endotoxins, preventing microbes from entering through saliva, reducing pain and inflammation, and fostering an environment that promotes hard tissue healing (Kandaswamy et al., 2010).

Intracanal medications, which are utilised in endodontic therapy, come into close contact with living pulpal and periapical tissue cells, promoting both periapical tissue healing and repair (Zapata, 2022).

Recent trend towards herbal agents with antibacterial effects due to the hazardous side effects of synthetic medications and the growing number of antibioticresistant strains has gained popularity in the medical field (Vaou et al., 2021).

Calendula officinalis (CO), frequently referred to as 'Pot Marigold', belongs to the Asteraceae family. The "Food and Drug Administration" (FDA) and the "Flavours and Extracts Manufacturers Association" (FEMA) have recognized the safety of plant parts and dried flowers used as spices. CO exerts several therapeutic effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, cardio protective, gastro protective and wound healing properties (Nagaraj et al., 2022).

CO can be utilized as an intracanal medicament for long-standing periapical lesions due to its higher resistance to root dentin fracture when compared to calcium hydroxide (Nagaraj et al., 2020). Yalgi et al. demonstrated the antibacterial activity of CO as a root canal irrigant against Streptococcus mutans. Because of its antibacterial qualities, shown excellent results in eradicating microbes and can be utilized as an alternative disinfecting agent (Yalgi et al., 2020). Though this plant has been extensively studied, very few studies have examined the cytotoxic effects of CO in dentistry.

The biocompatibility of a material used for the replacement or filling of biological tissue like teeth always had high concern for patients within the health care disciplines. For any material to be used for clinical scenario the cytotoxicity evaluation of the material has to be tested (Shahi et al., 2019). Hence, this in vitro study was done to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of CO in 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines.

Reference

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Ghivari SB, Meena N, Bhat KG, Babji DV, Kumbar VM, Rao PM. 2022. Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of two novel herbal intracanal medicaments on human periodontal fibroblasts—an in vitro study. Journal of Orofacial Sciences 14(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_187_22.

Ghodoosi S, Namazi Z, Mashhadiabbas F, Bakhtiari S, Afraz ES. 2022. Efficacy of 10% Calendula officinalis extract gel for oral wound healing in rats. Journal of Biological Studies 5(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.62400/jbs.v5i1.6375.

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Nagaraj NJ, Ravikumar N, Mahalaxmi S, Pallavi S. 2020. Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of root dentin treated with Calendula officinalis L. and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments- an in vitro study. Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research 14(12), ZC39–ZC42. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2020/46524.14351.

Nagaraj NJ, Ravikumar N, Mahalaxmi S, Pallavi S. 2022. Effect of Calendula officinalis Linn in oral health – a review. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13(3), 601–605. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i3.2966.

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Yalgi VS, Bhat KG. 2020. Compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and Calendula officinalis against Streptococcus mutans as a root canal irrigating solution: an in vivo study. Journal of International Oral Health 12(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_164_19.

Yaseen AT. 2020. The effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Piper nigrum on the larvae of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae). Baghdad Science Journal 17, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0028.

Article source : Cytotoxic activity of Calendula officinalis extract on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line using MTTassay- An in vitro study 

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Science Intervention Materials and Student Performance | IJB 2025

Maribel D. Bisnar, Mark Anthony T. Pitogo, Angierose C. Morales, Cecille N. Gementiza,  and Dr. Mauricio S. Adlaon, from the institute of the Philippines. Wrote a research article about, Science Intervention Materials and Student Performance. Entitled, Evaluating the effectiveness of the teacher-created science strategic intervention materials on enhancing grade 12 student performance in descent with modification. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the teacher-made science strategic intervention materials to enhance the academic performance of the Grade 12 students in intervening the least learned competency focusing on the descent with modification topic. The respondents consisting of fifteen students (15) were given an intervention on the identified lowest least-learned competency. The fifteen (15) items of a teacher-made questionnaire in pre-test and post-test were used in collecting data for the study. The study revealed a significant difference between the pre-test (45.33) and post-test (75.56) scores of the respondents in the descent with modification topic having a t-test score of -7.41 at .000 significant level of performance. This implies that the strategic intervention material (SIM) was significantly effective in intervening the least learned competency in Biology II subjects.

Introduction

The purpose of including science in the curriculum is to attain a level of "scientific literacy" among the populace to allow them to engage as members of contemporary societies. The goal of science is to provide every Filipino student with a useful comprehension of scientific ideas and concepts applied to actual circumstances, as well as get scientific abilities, perspectives, and principles required to assess and resolve daily issues (A Framework for K-12 Science Education Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas, 2012). Teachers can use assessment data to create individualized plans for struggling students, thereby personalizing a student's learning journey (Diaz, 2023). By leveraging assessment data, educators can tailor instruction to meet the specific needs of each student, fostering a more effective learning environment.

The Department of Education (DepEd) has lobbied for the modification of the laws as part of the government's efforts to address the perceived requirements of the education sector. They use the "Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program" to implement a basic education curriculum (Capate and Lapinid, 2015). Teachers must be sufficiently creative to meet the needs of their students considering the changes to the basic education curriculum. To raise the standard of education in the Philippines, educators must work twice as hard. DepEd also recommended a curriculum known as Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) after considering these factors. The purpose of introducing this educational material was to enhance students' performance across several subject areas. Its main goal is to support elementary and secondary students' successful learning in public schools. In addition, the teachers received training and a workshop on creating this instructional material through the DepEd Memorandum No. 117, series of 2005.

Strategic Intervention Materials (SIMs) in science are instructional materials designed to improve the academic performance of learners. These materials are used to teach basic concepts and skills, particularly in areas where students may have difficulty mastering competencies during regular classroom activities. SIMs are created based on the learning competencies that students need to improve and are intended to increase their academic performance in science. They can be in various formats, including electronic materials, and are used to aid both traditional and online learning. Studies have shown that SIMs can be effective in improving the academic performance of learners in science (Acera, 2022).

The first quarter examination results show that the achievement rate for grade 12 students in the Magpayang National High School, School Year 2023– 2024 is 10%, which is less than the 75% passing rate. This demonstrates that remedial instruction on a regular basis, more teaching resources, and instructional techniques like peer grouping are insufficient to remedy low performance in certain areas (Dy, 2011). Nevertheless, having enough and readily available instructional resources makes science instruction more effective. It is the duty of the science teacher to provide and supply the resources needed for science classes.

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of using Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in intervening with the least learned competency in Biology II subject focusing on descent with modification. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the least learned learning competencies in Biology II for the first quarter of the school year 2023-2024? 2. What is the level of performance of the students as measured in pre-test and post-test? 3. Is there a significant difference between the pretest and post-test of the students after using the Strategic Intervention Material (SIM)? The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teacher-created science Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) to intervene the leastlearned competency in Biology II subject focusing on descent with modification topic. This was conducted at Magpayang National High School in the first quarter of the school year 2023-2024. Thirty (30) grade 12 students were the study's respondents. To address the research topics, a one-group pre-testpost-test research design was used. Furthermore, a 15-item test questionnaire created by the researcher was used to evaluate the student’s performance.

Reference

Acera FS. 2022. The use of strategic intervention material in science (SIM-S) in improving the academic performance of the learners. International Journal of Arts and Social Science 5(4), 69-77.

A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. 2012. http://www.nap.educ/read/13165/chater/115

Bunagan F. 2012. Strategic Intervention Material. Retrieved March 22, 2018. http://www.Slideshare.Net/Felixbunagan/Strategicinterventionhttp:/84.22.166.132/Learning-And-Teaching-Guide/Deep-And-surfaceapproachesLearning.html

Capate RN, Lapinid MR. 2015. Assessing the Mathematics Performance of Grade 8 Students as Basis for Enhancing Instruction and Aligning with K to 12 Curriculum. Retrieved March 28,  2018.

Diaz A. 2023. How to Utilize Assessment Data in the Classroom. August 14, 2023.

Dy S. 2011. Instructional Materials in Teaching Science: recent British experience, Journal of Classroom Teaching 33, 5, 29-44. 

Article source : Evaluating the effectiveness of the teacher-created science strategic intervention materialson enhancing grade 12 student performance in descent with modification 

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Wheat Performance Under Integrated Nutrient Management | IJB 2021

Rojina Akter, Depertment of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, TCRSC, Munshigonj, Bangladesh. Md. Rashedul Islam, Depertment of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, RARS, Barishal-8211, Bangladesh. Mustafa Kamal Shahadat,  Depertment of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, OFRD, Khulna, Bangladesh. Meherunnesa Tamanna, Dept. of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Mostarak Hossain Munshi, Depertment of Dept. of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Wrote a research article about, Wheat Performance Under Integrated Nutrient Management. Entitled, Performance of Wheat As Influenced By Integrated Nutrient Management.  This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barisal during Rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 to find out the suitable combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers with proper planting technique in a randomized complete block design. Nine treatments viz.T1=100%of RF+Bio-slurry 0 tha-1,T2= 100% of RF+Bio-slurry 5 tha-1,T3=100% of RF+Bio-slurry10tha-1,T4=50% of RF+ Bio-slurry 0 tha-1,T5=50%of RF+Bio-slurry 5tha-1,T6=50% of RF+Bio-slurry10tha-1,T7=75% of RF +Bio-slurry 0tha-1,T8=75% of RF+Bio-slurry 5tha-1,T9=75% of RF + Bio-slurry 10tha-1. The result revealed that when 100% recommended dose of fertilizers was used with 10 tha-1 of bio-slurry gave the highestyield (3.96 and 3.86 tha-1) which was statistically similar to the yield (3.91 and 3.84tha-1) in T9 treatment where 10tha-1 of bio-slurry was applied with 75% of recommended fertilizers.

Introduction

Wheat (Triticumaestivum) belongs to the Graminae family, is one of the most important grain crops in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, per annum demand for wheat is 7.70 m tons, but its production is only 1.15 m tons. The average production per hectare is only 3.38 tons (BBS, 2017). Hence, the production is much lower than demand. This lower yield is due to a lack of balanced fertilizers as well as rice-based cropping patterns. The soil fertility status of Bangladesh soil is degraded day by day. More than 60% of our cultivated soil contains organic matter at a low level (<1.7%) (FRG, 2012). According to an appraisal report of Bangladesh soil resources, soils of about 6.10 m ha contain very low (less than 1%) organic matter, 2.15 m ha contain low (1-2%) organic matter and the remaining 0.90 ha contain more than 2 % organic matter (Mondal, 2000).Maintenance of soil fertility is a must for long-term sustainable crop production.Soil fertility and nutrient availability are closely connected to the soil's organic matter content and its mineralization (Zech, 1996). Soil chemical, physical and biological properties are also altered by manure applications and it seems possible that long-term manure applications could change nutrient release patterns significantly (Haynes and Naidu 1998). So, the application of organic matter is essential for maintaining soil fertility. Wheat is sensitive to nutrient stress. Bio-slurry is one of the organic sources which have been obtained as a by-product of fermented biogas generated through the anaerobic decomposition of various organic materials that can be used for crop production (Abubakar, 2012; Haque etal.,2015). Very little research work on bio-slurry was conducted in the world. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the suitable combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers for higher yield and economic return. 

Reference

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Article source : Performance of Wheat As Influenced By Integrated Nutrient Management 

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