S. Subashini, R. Nithyatharani, S. Rega, and S. Geetha, from the different institute of india. Wrote a research article, Trichoderma Isolation and L-Glutaminase Production Optimization. Entitled, Isolation and identification of Trichoderma species, followed by the optimization of L-glutaminase enzyme production. This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB. an open access scholarly research journal on Environmental Sciences. under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences| INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.
Abstract
Advanced biotechnological techniques offer practical solutions to challenges related to food safety. To maintain quality control in food production and processing, the use of enzymes, antibodies, and microbes is indispensable. Isolation and identification of Trichoderma sp. from sugarcane soil is used for production of L-glutaminase enzyme in this study. The Trichoderma sp. was grown in PDA agar and then the species were isolated for huge production of L-glutaminase enzyme. The optimization of enzyme production was high in particular pH 7, temperature 30°C, Nacl concentration at 2g, 5g of substrate and ammonium nitrate shows higher enzyme production at 1g. Based on the analysis the enzymes have an average molecular weight around 14 to 20 kDa. By leveraging biotechnology, these manufacturing systems are being optimized leading to the faster, more efficient and flexible production of new or improved products.
Introduction
Modern biotechnological
approaches offer efficient strategies for resolving food safety challenges. The
application of biotechnical techniques can decrease the time needed to detect
foodborne pathogens, toxins, and chemical contaminants, as well as enhance the
sensitivity of these findings. The use of enzymes, antibodies, and microbes is
essential for monitoring quality control in food production and processing
systems (Athira et al., 2014). These manufacturing operations are being
enhanced by biotechnology, which allows for the development of new or upgraded
products with improved speed, efficiency, and flexibility. Commonly referred to
as biological catalysts, enzymes enhance the speed at which chemical reactions
occur (Kashyap et al., 2002). The main benefit of incorporating enzymes into
industrial processes lies in their efficiency, precision, specificity,
convenience, and economical nature. Enzymes are generally divided into two
groups: intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes. Intracellular enzymes
are generated within the cell and facilitate reactions internally, while
extracellular enzymes are secreted by cells and transported to different
locations to catalyze biochemical reactions (Koibuchi et al., 2000). Living
microbial cells are responsible for producing enzymes. Enzymes utilized in industry
are derived from both animal and plant sources, as well as from microorganisms.
Despite this, the availability of animal and plant sources for enzyme
production is highly constrained and can be affected by environmental
influences. Consequently, there is an increasing focus on encouraging the use
of microbial sources for enzyme production. Different fermentation technologies
are employed for producing the majority of microbial enzymes (Coral et al.,
2002). Enzyme production has also benefited from other techniques, such as
solid-state fermentation (SSF) with inert solid supports or the use of
immobilization methods. It entails the cultivation of microbial cells in liquid
media in controlled environments within large vessels referred to as bioreactors
for the production of target metabolites. A variety of culture medium
components consist of common, cost-effective substrates such as carbon sources
(e.g., glucose, sucrose, and maltose) and nitrogen sources (e.g., ammonium
salts, sodium nitrate), along with vitamins and minerals that can be provided
in consistent amounts. Enzymes utilized for medical and therapeutic purposes
are referred to as therapeutic enzymes (Curthoys et al., 1976). One of the main
prospective applications of therapeutic enzymes is in combating cancer.
L-glutaminase (Lglutamine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.2) is responsible for
catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-glutamine, resulting in the formation of
L-glutamic acid and ammonia (Dutt et al., 2010). Over the past few years, there
has been a growing focus on L-glutaminase due to its suggested applications in
pharmaceuticals as well as in the food industry (Iyer and Singhal, 2010).
Lglutaminase has the potential to be important in treating cancer, particularly
acute lymphocytic leukemia, when used either in combination with or as a
replacement for asparaginase (Kumar and Chandrasekaran, 2003). Fungi serve a
crucial role in generating a wide variety of products, including food items
(e.g., bread and mycoprotein), alcoholic beverages (like wine and beer), as
well as recombinant proteins, vitamins, and antibiotics. Various fermentation
systems are utilized with fungi to attain this level of productivity, with the
selection based on the type of fungus (whether filamentous or yeast), the
desired product, and the production scale. In this present study is aimed to
isolate and identifying the Trichiderma sp. from sugarcane agriculture soil
sample and optimization of L-glutaminase enzyme production through fermentation
process.
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