Medicinal plants used against epilepsy by the local communities of Sargodha region, Pakistan | JBES 2020

By: Amin Shah, Sarvat Rahim, Zarqa Bashir, Asif Abbas Shah, Shoaib Shah, Shahzad Hussain, Nuzhat Rasul, Summaya Arif, Ifra Akhtar, Ihsan Ullah, Mahmooda Hassan

Key Words: Medicinal plants, Ethnic communities, Frequency citation (FC), Mirgi, Asteraceae

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper / manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

Many plants are claimed to be effective to treat epilepsy, but very little knowledge is available about such plants used by various ethnic communities in Pakistan. This study presents the first report on the ethnobomedicinal knowledge among the local communities of Sargodha region, Pakistan in this regards by using quantitative ethnobotanical approaches. 84 aboriginal households (house-to-house interviews) including 10 traditional healers who still practiced their aboriginal system of medicine were interviewed to collect information on the herbal preparations used by them to treat epilepsy. Data were documented by using semi-structured questionnaires to consult the residents about their awareness of plant used against epilepsy. Documented data was assessed using frequency of citation (FC) preference ranking (PR), percentage of respondents having knowledge about the use of species (PRK) and Relative Frequency Citation (RFC). A total of 49 plant species belonging to 45 genera and 34 families were reported to cure epilepsy. The highest percentage of life form was found to be the herbs (63.2%). The Leaves were the dominant plant part with 29.4% and most of the herbal medicines were prepared in the form of decoction (54%). Plants with the highest RFC values were Bacopa monnieri (0.61) followed by Xanthium strumarium (0.57), Achyranthes aspera (0.51) and Citrus maxima (0.44). High proportion of respondents (PRK) was found for Bacopa monnieri (61.2%) followed by Xanthium strumarium (57.1%), Achyranthes aspera (51.0%) and Citrus maxima (44.8%). The study will be used as baseline data for analysing phytochemical constituents and bioactive compounds of these promising medicinal plants. Get the full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 16(1), 15-24, January 2020.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.
Reff.
Adesina SK. 1982. Studies on some plants used as anticonvulsants in Amerindian and African traditional medicine. Fitoterapia 53, 147-162.
Al-Adhroey AH, Nor ZM, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Mahmud R. 2010. Ethnobotanical study on some Malaysian anti-malarial plants: A community based survey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132, 362-364.
Alam MA, Slahin N, Uddin R, Hasan SMR, Akter R, Kamaluddin M, Faroque A, Ghani A. 2008. Analgesic and neuropharmacological investigations of the aerial part of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, 44-50.
Almeida RN, Agra MF, Maior FNS, de Sousa DP. 2011. Essential oils and their constituents: anti convulsant activity. Molecules 16, 2726-2742.
Anandarajagopal K, Sudhahar D, Ajaykumar TV, Muthukumaran G. 2011. Evaluation of CNS depressant activity of aerial parts of Basella alba Linn. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1, 1-6.
Asase A, Oteng-Yeboah AA, Odamtten GT, Simmonds MSJ. 2005. Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaia nanti-malarial plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99, 273-275.
Atanassova-Shopova S, Roussinov K, Markova M. 1969. Pharmacological studies of Bulgarian plants with a view to their anticonvulsive effect. Izvestiia na Instituta po fiziologiia 12, 205-216.
Aziz H, Ali SM, Frances P, Khan MI, Hasan KZ. 1994. Epilepsy in Pakistan: a population-based epidemiologic study. Epilepsia 35, 950-958.
Balick M, Cox P. 1996. Plants Culture and People. Scientific American New York.
Bhattarai S, Chaudhary RP, Taylor RS. 2006. Ethnomedicinal plants used by the people of Manang district, central Nepal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethno- medicine 2, 41.
Chauhan AK, Dobhal MP, Joshi BC. 1988. A review of medicinal plants showing anticonvulsant activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology 22, 11-23.
Dhayabaran D, Florance EJ, Nandakumar K, Puratchikody A. 2010. Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of heart wood of Cedrus deodara Roxb. in rodents. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4, 1374-1381.
Dike IP, Obembe OO, Adebiyi FE. 2012. Ethnobotanical survey for potential anti-malarial plants in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 144, 618-626.
Engel Jr J. 1996. Surgery for seizures. New England Journal of Medicine. 334, 647-652.
Ficker DM. 2000. Sudden unexplained death and injury in epilepsy. Epilepsia 41, S7-S12.
Giday M, Asfaw Z, Elmqvist T, Woldu Z. 2003. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Zay people in Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 85, 43-52.
Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Bhawal SR. 1999. CNS activity of Vitex negundo Linn. In mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 37, 143-146.
Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Chakrabarti S, Bhattacharya S, Rath N, Bhawal SR. 1997. Antiepileptic and anticancer activity of some indigenous plants. Indian Journal of Physiology and Allied Sciences 51, 53-56.
Idowu OA, Soniran OT, Ajana O, Aworinde DO. 2010. Ethnobotanical survey of antimalarial plants used in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4, 55-60.
IPNI. 2004. The International Plant Names Index. The Plant Names Project. http://www.ipni.org/ index.htmlS. (accessed 16.02.2011).
Kasture VS, Kasture SB, Pal SC. 1996. Anticonvulsant activity of Albizzia lebbeck. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 34, 78-80.
Kaur M, Goel RK. 2011. Anti-convulsant activity of Boerhavia diffusa: plausible role of calcium channel antagonism. Evidence Based Complement and Alternative Medicine 1-7.
Kaushik D, Tripathi A, Tripathi R, Ganachari M, Khan SA. 2009. Anticonvulsant activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 45, 643-649.
Khatri IA, Iannaccone ST, Ilyas MS, Abdullah M, Saleem S. 2004. Epidemiology of epilepsy in Pakistan: review of literature. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 53, 594-597.
Kobau R, Price P. 2003. Knowledge of epilepsy and familiarity with this disorder in the US population: results from the 2002 HealthStyles Survey. Epilepsia 44, 1449-1454.
Krishnakumar A, Abraham PM, Paul J, Paulose CS. 2009. Down-regulation of cerebellar 5-HT(2C) receptors in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats: the rapeutic role of Bacopa monnieri extract. Journal of Neurological Sciences 284, 124-128.
Kumar KKS, Rajkapoor B. 2010. Effect of Oxalis corniculata L. Extract on biogenic amines concentrations in rat brain after induction of seizures. International Journal of Phytopharmacology 1, 87-89.
Kumar S, Madaan R, Bansal G, Jamwal A, Sharma A. 2012. Plants and plant products with potential anti convulsant activity -a review. Pharmacognosy Communications. 2, 3-99.
Löscher W. 1998. New visions in the pharmacology of anticonvulsion. European Journal of Pharmacology 342, 1-13.
Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Rath N. 1998. CNS activities of Cassia fistula in mice. Phytotherapy Research 12, 520-522.
Mesfin A, Giday M, Animut A, Teklehaymanot T. 2012. Ethno botanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 139, 221-227.
Moa M, Zemede A, Ensermu K, Abebe B, Bizuneh W. 2013. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Wayu Tuka District, East Welega Zone of Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9, 68.
Peredery O, Persinger MA. 2004. Herbal treatment following post-seizure induction in rat by litium pilocarpine: Scutellaria lateriflora (Skullcap), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemium) and Datura stramonium (Jimson Weed) may prevent development of spontaneous seizures. Phytotherapy Research 18, 700-705.
Scheuer ML, Pedley TA. 1990. The evaluation and treatment of seizures. New England Journal of Medicine 323, 1468-1474.
Shah A, Hussain S, Din NU, Bhatti KH, Khan A, Marwat SK, Zafar M, Ahmad M. 2012. Sacred Jungles: A Traditional way of conserving endangered ecosystems and biodiversity in semi- tribal area, Kurd Sharif and Sho. Pakistan. Journal of Science technology and Development 31, 312-326.
Stewart RR. 1972. An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir (Flora of West Pakistan), Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi.
Tandon VR, Gupta RK. 2005. An experimental evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of Vitex negundo. Indian Journal Physiology and Pharmacology 49, 199-205.
Thomas E, Vandebroek I, Sanca S, Van Damme P. 2009. Cultural significance of medicinal plant families and species among Quechua farmers in Apillapampa, Bolivia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 122, 60-67.
Tripathi AV, Gupta R, Saraf SK. 2011. Phytochemical investigation characterization and anticonvulsant activity of Ricinus communis seeds inmice. Natural Product Research 25, 1881-1884.
Vitalini S, Iriti M, Puricelli C, Ciuchi D, Segale A, Fico G. 2013. Traditional knowledge on medicinal and food plants used in Val San Giacomo (Sondrio, Italy) – an alpine ethno botanical study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145, 517-529.
Vohora SB, Shah SA, Dandiya PC. 1990. Central nervous system studies on an ethanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 28, 53-62.
WHO. 2003. Annual Report: Global Campaign Against Epilepsy, Published by World Health Organization, International Bureau for Epilepsy and International League Against Epilepsy. p 2.
Zheng X, Xing F. 2009. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants around Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124, 197-210

Read More

Get some knowledge about Mozambique tilapia at "Investigating body shape variation of Oreochromis mosambicus (Peters, 1852) sampled from Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines"

By: Virgilio B. Ratunil Jr, Clevin P. Libay, Gideon A. Ebarsabal, Gregorio Z. Gamboa Jr, Dexter Q. Mahomoc, Cresencio C. Cabuga Jr.

Key Words: Geometric morphometric, Morphology, Shape analysis, fishery, Caraga Region

Ecological differentiation in terms of spatial and temporal condition highly attributes changes of the organism from genotypic to phenotypic composition and thus affecting morphological structures. This study aims to investigate the body shape variation in the population of Oreochromis mosambicus; Peters 1852 sampled from Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines using Geometric Morphometric analysis.

The endemic O. mosambicus constitute a significant fishery resource in the study area. Thus, they are economically important fish species. A total of 60 individuals comprises of 30 males, and 30 females were collected. The sample collection was done in July 2019. Female and male samples were subjected to Symmetry and Asymmetry Geometric Data Software (SAGE). Results show that both female and male samples obtain a highly significant difference P<0.0001 from the data provided through Procrustes ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showing high fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels in female 57.52% when compared in males 52.78%. This show a body shape variation among the sexes while the natural settings play a major component for shifting shape and forms of organims. Thus, the importance of using Geometric Morphometric analysis allows to scrutinize the shape variation of fishes among and between populations and thus clearly defines structures.Get the full articles at-
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 15(6), 82-91, December 2019.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

Read More

Protein depression analysis during summer season in conventional milk|Ijaar vol-14-no-4-p-1-4

By: Duygu Ulaş, Ali Rıza Şahin

Key Words: Protein depression, Milk, Summer.

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Data of study was obtained from a milk company in Tekirdağ province of Turkey during June, July and August month. If the protein/fat ratio is less than 0.80 in milk, milk protein depression occurs. Protein/fat data were analyzed by one sample t test was made to compare differences (p<0.05) between means of months and reference value (0.80 = protein depression threshold) with help of the SPSS 18.0. Milk protein/fat means of June (0.89), July (0.88) and August (0.91) months were higher than reference value (0.80). According to results obtained from all months, it can be said that there were no protein depression during summer season in conventional milk. This study should be repeated for all season of year. The dairy product manufacturers must be careful about protein depression in milk obtained from different season for achieving maximum profit.

 Proper feed intake of dairy cows can both improve the economy of production and ensure a healthier dam. To achieve these goals, milk producers must feed to increase milk production with maximum rates of milk protein and fat. Milk protein may be critically reduced in dairy cows as a result of insufficient feed intake, especially in the postpartum period. Milk protein has economic value because higher protein leads to higher milk products such as cheese, yoghurt etc. Consequently, milk protein content of milk is emphasized (Alderson and Pollak, 1980; Fox and McSweney, 2003). Factors which affect milk composition include dam factors such as age (Yıldırım et al., 2009), body condition (Cimen and Topçu, 2013), live weight, udder measurements and environmental factors such as temperature (Ceylan et al., 2013), milking methods (Cetin et al., 2010) disease (i.e. mastitis) and nutrition (Pratap et al., 2014). If the protein/fat ratio is less than 0.80 in milk, milk protein depression occurs (Stokes et al., 2012). The environmental conditions in different months are known as important factors which have influences on the milk components and taste of it. Recently, researches focus on depression of milk parameters such as fat and protein (Weiss, 2012; Boerman, 2013). There has been extensive research in recent decades into milk parameters and the agents responsible for the production of milk parameters. Only limited knowledge is available on the protein depression and no detailed data on the conventional milk are available. Although much is known about causal relationships between composition of the diet and levels of milk parameters, little is known about differences in milk protein levels and protein depression thresholds between seasons. This is the first study to investigate the protein depression during summer season in conventional milk. Material and methods Study area and season Milk protein data was obtained from a milk company in Tekirdağ province of Turkey during summer season. Daily milk samples for each summer month (June, July and August) were obtained. Collection of data and milk analysis Samples were collected directly from homogenized bulk milk at determined local points and put in to the 100mL sterile plastic container stored at 4oC and immediately transported in freeze to the laboratory and analyzed. Milk protein rates were determined by milk auto-analyzer (Milkana). Statistical analysis Protein data were analyzed by one sample t test was made to compare differences (p<0.05) between means of months and reference value (0.80 = protein depression threshold) with help of the SPSS 18.0 (Norusis, 1993; Çimen 2015). Results and discussion Protein depression thresholds of conventional milk for each month of summer season were shown in Table 1, 2 and 3. Get The full articles at-  Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(4), 1-4, April 2019.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Protein depression analysis during summer season in conventional milk|Ijaar vol-14-no-4-p-1-4 from Innspub Net

Read More