Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] tolerance to low p condition - IJAAR

Yuli Sulistyowati, Trikoesoemaningtyas*, Didy Sopandie, Sintho Wahyuning Ardie, Satya Nugroho

• Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia

A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments: (1) in nutrient solution and (2) in acid soil.The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu.The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days.

Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage.The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action.The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor.The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Morpho-physicochemical characterization of Kartiksail rice(Oryza sativa L.) land races of Bangladesh - IJAAR

Mir Sharf Uddin Ahmed1*, Shahnaz Parveen1, Mohammed Khalequzzaman1, A.K.M
Shamsuddin2

1. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
2. Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Twenty one land races of Kartiksail rice of Bangladesh were studied at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during T.Aman2011.The analysis of variance of 37 morpho-physicochemical characters showed highly significant differences among the land races. The mean performances showed that wide range of variations among the genotypes was existed and there was no duplicate genotype.

The seedling height varied from 53.24 (KS15) to 82.93 cm (KS1), culm height from 80.80 (KS15) to 117.0 cm (KS6), straw yield per hill from 12.34 (KS3) to 34.39 g (KS14), panicle length from 19.81 (KS13) to 27.04 cm (KS5), secondary branch number from 15.67 (KS13) to 49.0 (KS5), grain length from 44 (KS16) to 10.6 mm (KS19), 1000-grain weight from 16.52 g (KS16) to 30.06 g (KS13), protein content from 6.6% (KS10) to 10% (KS20), grain yield per panicle 1.58 (KS15) to 3.82 g (KS1) and grain yield per hill from 16.83 (KS17) to 29.84 g (KS19), respectively. Besides, high GCV and h2 b together with high GAPM were observed in secondary branch number, LB ratio, seedling height, 1000-grain weight, protein content etc. suggested that selection may be effective for these characters in segregating generations.The correlation between different characters indicated that the higher the PBN, APBL, SBN and SBFGW possessed greater PL and PGY and these characters emerged as most important associates of grain yield in rice. Finally, the identified traditional rice germplasmof the present study can offer a valuable gene reservoir which needs to be characterized as well as mapping the QTL using molecular tools for validating useful genes.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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The effect of foliar application of microelements on phenological and physiological characteristics of Mung bean under drought stress- IJAAR

Delbar Chehel Amirani*, Pourang Kasraei

• Department of Agroecology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin-Pishva, Iran

In order to investigate on the effect of foliar application of microelements on phenological and physiological characteristics of Mung bean under drought stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the Agriculture Faculty greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva branch in2013-2014.The first factor was drought stress at four levels include a control (without stress),applying of drought stress at flowering stage,pod and dough stages and the second factor was foliar application of microelements at three levels include a control (spraying of distilled water),3 and 6 pm.The results showed that the drought stress decreases plant height, leaf area index, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and increases grain protein percentage and pro line accumulation. 

The effect of drought stress at flowering stage was higher than other stages. Also, the foliar application of microelements was increased the plant height, leaf area index, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, grain protein percentage and pro line accumulation in with and without stress conditions.Therefore, the most effective concentration of microelements was 6 pm.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Studies on removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by sorption method using water hyacinth - Eichornia crassipes roots- JBES

Gopinath1*, Karthikeyan1, Sivakumar1, Magesh1, MohanaSundaram1, Poongodi1, Ramesh2, Rajamohan2

1. Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology,
   Maduranthagam-603308, TamilNadu, India
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India

Dye containing waste water can cause serious water pollution problems by hindering light penetration and photo synthesis and toxicity from heavy metals associated with dyes. In this research study, batch experiments were conducted using thermally activated Eichornia crassipes roots as an adsorbent for the removal a basic dye, malachite green, from aqueous solutions.

 

Effect of operating variables i.e. pH, sorbent dosage, dye concentration and contact time was studied in an agitated batch adsorber. Results showed that maximum dye uptake was observed at an optimum pH 7 .There was no significant difference in dye concentration remaining when the pH increased from 5-10. Dye removal was influenced by initial dye concentration and the sorption process followed first order kinetics. Among the three isotherms tested Redlich Peterson and Langmuir isotherms fitted reasonably well to the data. The negative value of the free energy change indicates the spontaneous nature of biosorption. From the above findings, it was observed that the biosorption process obeyed the first order adsorption kinetics. The negative value of the free energy change calculated indicates the spontaneous nature of the sorption and confirms the affinity between the sorbent and the dye cations.

Journal Name: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Methodological approach to indigenous fruit trees breeding: case of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don.) H. J. Lam.(Burseraceae) in Cameroon

• Makueti Josephine Therese1*, Tchoundjeu Zacharie1, Van Damme Patrick2,3, Kalinganire Antoine4, Asaah Ebenezar5, Tsobeng Alain1

1. World Agroforestry Centre, PO Box. 16317, Yaoundé, Cameroon
2. Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
3. Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, 165 21, Czech Republic
4. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, BPE 5118, Bamako, Mali.
5. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Sierra Leone, 32A Wilkinson Road, PO Box 210, Freetown, Sierra Leone

 

Very little work has been done forthe varietal improvement of indigenous fruit trees. Controlled cross pollination tests were conducted on Dacryodes edulis to assess the influence of the origin of the male parent and the type of flower that produced pollen used for fertilization on the fruiting efficiency of 14 well-known females’ accessions from three provenances.

The crossbreeding test was performed following a full nested mating design. The experimental design included provenance as a fixed factor, treatment as within-subject (i.e. repeated measures) fixed factor and plant individual as a random factor (subject). The results showed that the fruiting index that determines the species’ yield varies significantly (p = 0.010) with the combined actions of the three factors studied which were (i) the provenance of the male parent; (ii) the pollen type used for hand fertilization (pure male or hermaphrodite) and (iii) the female parent status.Six best combinations originated from Boumnyebel and Makenene provenances, characterized by high fruit-setting rate and the fruiting index (˃70% and ˃50% respectively), then by low fruit-dropping rate after fruit set (˂20%) were identified. Although we did not observe increasing in fruit size as compare to breeding in Citrus or Ziziphus species, the process of controlled cross-pollination investigated in this study significantly increased the fruit set. This could help in controlling the early fruit drop which negatively impacts thespecies’ yield.Thereafter, control-pollinated seedlings (F1) obtained from this study and established as progeny trials will be vulgarized within agro-ecological zones and/ormultiplied vegetatively for clonal and futurecultivars development trials.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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