Mode of inheritance of resistance to the stalk-eyed fly (Diopsis longicornis) in rice

Stalk eyed flies (D. longicornis and D. apicalis) are pests of economic importance on rice. Of the two species of stalk- eyed fly, D. longicornis is the most prevalent and destructive. To determine the mode of inheritance for resistance to the stalk-eyed fly in rice in Uganda, crosses were made among eight parental lines (NERICA4, TXD306, K85, NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1, NERICA1, NERICA6, NAMCHE2 and PAKISTAN) selected on the basis of their response to the stalk-eyed fly, high yield and early maturity. Of the eight, four genotypes [NERICA4, TXD306, and NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1 and K85], exhibited lower levels of deadheart occurrence and were crossed using the North Carolina II mating design with four susceptible genotypes [NERICA1 and NERICA6, PAKISTAN, and NAMCHE2]. Studies on combining abilities were conducted on 16 F1 hybrids along with the eight parents. Narrow sense coefficients of genetic determination (NSCGD) were low to moderate (0.09 – 0.33) and broad sense coefficients of genetic determination (BSCGD) were moderate to high (0.38 – 0.89) for traits studied. Both GCA and SCA effects were significant for percentage of deadhearts. However, Baker’s ratio was less than 0.5 (0.37) for deadhearts, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in resistance to the stalk-eyed fly, although non-additive gene effects were more important. NERICA4 andK85 were found to be good general combiners for increasing resistance. The crosses Pakistan × TXD306 and NERICA1× NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1 were identified as promising lines for advancement.

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Evaluation of promising lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to agronomic and genetic performance under Egyptian conditions

By Gala Anis, Ayman EL Sabagh*, Abdelfatah Ghareb, Ibrahim EL-Rewainy

1. Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Field Crop Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
2. Department of Agronomy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
3. Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,
   Bangladesh

Key words: Correlation coefficients, Genetic parameters, Yield related traits, Rice, Yield improvement

A field experiment was conducted during the period 2014 and 2015 at the farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, kafr el-sheikh, Egypt for evaluation the performance of promising lines in rice to agronomic and genetic performance under Egyptian conditions. Results revealed that the Giza 179 produced the highest grain yield (5.44 kg/m2) followed by the promising line GZ9461-4-2-3-1 (5.26 kg/m2) and the commercial variety Giza 178 (5.07 kg/m2). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits.

The high genotypic coefficient of variability (gcv) and phenotypic coefficient of variability (pcv) recorded for number of filled grains/panicle indicate the existence of wide spectrum of variability for this trait and offer greater opportunities for desired trait through phenotypic selection. The phenotypic variance was higher than the corresponding genotypic variance for traits. Estimation of heritability ranged from 49.16% to 99.52% for number of panicle/plant and duration traits, respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for growing period and plant height and indicate the lesser influence of environment in expression of these traits and prevalence of additive gene action in their inheritance hence, amenable of simple selection. The promising rice lines GZ9461-4-2-3-1 and GZ10147-1-2-1-1 performed better as compared with the commercial variety. Selection of these traits would be more effective for yield improvement in rice and these promising lines would be more valuable materials for breeders engaged in the development of high yielding cultivars. Source of original articles: http://bit.ly/1VSTXw7
 
More articles of this issue: Assessment of the efficiency of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae) in the biological control against sclerotinia of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvaceae) or okra (cultivars Volta and H

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)
Publisher Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Source: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research @2015  Journal of agronomy

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Morpho-physicochemical characterization of Kartiksail rice(Oryza sativa L.) land races of Bangladesh - IJAAR

Mir Sharf Uddin Ahmed1*, Shahnaz Parveen1, Mohammed Khalequzzaman1, A.K.M
Shamsuddin2

1. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
2. Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Twenty one land races of Kartiksail rice of Bangladesh were studied at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during T.Aman2011.The analysis of variance of 37 morpho-physicochemical characters showed highly significant differences among the land races. The mean performances showed that wide range of variations among the genotypes was existed and there was no duplicate genotype.

The seedling height varied from 53.24 (KS15) to 82.93 cm (KS1), culm height from 80.80 (KS15) to 117.0 cm (KS6), straw yield per hill from 12.34 (KS3) to 34.39 g (KS14), panicle length from 19.81 (KS13) to 27.04 cm (KS5), secondary branch number from 15.67 (KS13) to 49.0 (KS5), grain length from 44 (KS16) to 10.6 mm (KS19), 1000-grain weight from 16.52 g (KS16) to 30.06 g (KS13), protein content from 6.6% (KS10) to 10% (KS20), grain yield per panicle 1.58 (KS15) to 3.82 g (KS1) and grain yield per hill from 16.83 (KS17) to 29.84 g (KS19), respectively. Besides, high GCV and h2 b together with high GAPM were observed in secondary branch number, LB ratio, seedling height, 1000-grain weight, protein content etc. suggested that selection may be effective for these characters in segregating generations.The correlation between different characters indicated that the higher the PBN, APBL, SBN and SBFGW possessed greater PL and PGY and these characters emerged as most important associates of grain yield in rice. Finally, the identified traditional rice germplasmof the present study can offer a valuable gene reservoir which needs to be characterized as well as mapping the QTL using molecular tools for validating useful genes.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Molecular characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers in relation to grain iron content

• Pavan J. Kundur1,2,3*, Prakash G. Patil1,4, B.G. Harish2, 3, C.K. Ramesh5, H.E. Shahidhar1

1. Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru -560065, India
2. M. S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru- 560054, India
3. Visveshwarya Technological University, Belagavi- 590018, India
4. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, India
5. Sahyadri Science College, Shivamogga – 577203, India

In the present investigation, based on the seven rice putative candidate iron transporter genes, novel TRAP markers were developed.These markers were successfully employed in the molecular diversity study among 30 rice genotypes representing improved rice cultivars and land races with varied grain iron content (7.38 - 30.58 ppm).

Totally, thirty TRAP primer combinations were screened, which generated 703 bands out of which 654 were polymorphic (93%) with an average of 21.8 bands per primer combination. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.09(Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.25 (Osnramp5c+ME05, Osnramp1b+ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). Gene diversity (H ˆ) ranged from 0.10 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.31 (Osnramp1b + ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). The Jaccard dissimilarity ranged from 0.15 to 0.52, explaining 37% of genetic variation (Table 4).

Grouping of genotypes based on UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were found comparable and grouping of genotypes into a different cluster was found mainly on the basis of pedigree relationships. TRAP markers revealed well resolved relationships among rice genotypes. The information generated from this study will helps to select parental combinations for breeding high iron content rice varieties.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Characteristics of saline soil and effect of fertilizer application to rice yield - IJAAR

• Wanti Mindari1*, Purnomo Edi Sasongko2, Zaenal Kusuma3, Syekhfani3

1. Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya, Malang Indonesia; and Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pembangunan Nasional, Surabaya, Indonesia
2. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pembangunan Nasional, Surabaya, Indonesia East Java, Indonesia
3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Characteristics of saline soil determine the rice yield along the seaboard. High concentration of dissolved salt decreases growth and rice yield. The study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of saline soil in Sidoarjo and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

The result analysis of soil exchangeable Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++respectively was 0.8-1.94;
0.33-2.73; 16.32-20.4, 1.83-8.88 me.100g-1.The value of soil pH was 7.35- 7.55, EC value of soil was 0.64-1.83dS.m-1, and the content of organic-C was between 1.1-2,4,6 %..

The result of soil characterization was then crosschecked with the rice yield in saline soil by weighing dry rice grains per clump.

The rice yield was 3-4.1 ton.ha-1 and negatively correlated to the exchangeable values of Na, SAR, bulk density and dust content. It was positively correlated with organic-C, fertilizer, exchangeableof Ca++, Mg++, and K+, as well as soil’s CEC.

The ratio value of Ca:Mgnamely2.2-8.2, and K:Mgnamely0.18- 0.21 exceeded the limit of ideal value and caused low production.

The rice yield was negatively correlated with the content of exchangeableNa+, values of pH and EC. It achieved more than 4 ton.ha-1when added with 300-450 g.plant-1 of organic materials and 1.0-1.3 g.plant-1 of NPK.

FULL ARTICLE AVAILABLE AT:  Volume 6, Number 1, January 2015 – IJAAR
JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

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