Control of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti using NECO 50EC biopesticide | IJB 2022

Author

Yéboué N’guessan Lucie  

Improvement and Agricultural Production Laboratory, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire    

 

Tano Djè Kevin Christian 

Improvement and Agricultural Production Laboratory, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire 

 

Tra Bi Crolaud Sylvain  

Improvement and Agricultural Production Laboratory, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire 
 

Senan Soro

Switzerland Center for Scientific Research, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire

Yao Tano

Plant Protection Laboratory, UFR Science of Nature, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801
Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire

 Journal Name

International Journal of Biosciences | IJB

 Publisher Name

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub

 Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food crop with tuberous roots that plays an important role in feeding populations. The need to control cassava pests led to testing the effect of the biopesticide NECO 50 EC on Phenacoccus manihoti in a plot of the city of Grand-Lahou. The effectiveness of the biopesticide NECO 50 EC was tested on larvae and adults of P. manihoti, in comparison with a conventional insecticide K-OPTIMAL 35 EC. Dilutions gave 5 respective concentrations of NECO 50 EC: 8.33 g/l; 4.54g/l; 3.12g/l; 2.38 g/l and 1.92 g/l, and a concentration of 0.093 g/l for the control insecticide. Spraying of cassava plants infested with mealybugs was undertaken and observations were made 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment. On the larvae, the highest rate (92.07 ± 0%) is obtained at a concentration of 8.33 g/l for NECO and 98.51% for the control insecticide. In adults for NECO the highest rate (62.50 ± 0%) is obtained at the concentration of 8.33 g/l and 96.17% for the control insecticide. The biopesticide NECO 50 EC could be used as an alternative to the excessive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce the damage of the pest P. manihoti. Check out more by folllowing the link Control of cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) using NECO 50EC biopesticide in Grand Lahou (Côte d’Ivoire)

 

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Valorization of the duckweed (Spirodela polyrhyza) in the feeding of mono sex male fry of Oreochromis niloticus | IJAAR 2021

 Author Name

• Sènan Maxime Boris Djossou

  (School of Aquaculture, National University of Agriculture, Kétou, Benin)
  

• Diane N. S. Kpogue Gangbazou

  (School of Aquaculture, National University of Agriculture, Kétou, Benin) 
  

•  Arsène F. M. D'almeida

  (Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches Agricoles d'Agonkanmey, Recette Principale Cotonou, Benin)

•  André B. Aboh

  (Ecole de Gestion et d'Exploitation des Systèmes d'Elevage, Kétou, Benin)

•  Elie Montchowui

  (School of Aquaculture, National University of Agriculture, Kétou, Benin)

•  Emile D. Fiogbe

  (Unité de Recherches sur les Zones Humides, Département de Zoologie, Faculté des Sciences et
  Techniques, Université d'Abomey, Calavi, Cotonou, Benin)

Journal Name

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR 

Publisher

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of Spirodela polyrhiza using in diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings, an experiment was conducted on the farm “Awara” in the village of Agongo in Sèmè – Kpodji during 70 days. The initial average weight of fry is about 1g. The stocking density was 13 fry / m². Three experimental diets made with local by-products were tested: T0 (0% S. polyrhiza Meal), T1 (5% S. polyrhiza Meal) and T2 (mixed feed composed of 70% T0 and 30% fresh S. polyrhiza). At the end of the experiment, the survival rate was 100% for all treatments. The best zootechnical parameters were obtained with T1 with a final average weight of 11.67 ± 2.52 g and a consumption index of 1.17 ± 0.30. The highest gross profit margin was also obtained with T1. The lowest economic profitability was obtained. Check out more Valorization of the duckweed (Spirodela polyrhyza) in the feeding of mono sex male fry of Oreochromis niloticus: Zootechnical performance and economic profitability

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Research paper | Anthropogenic noise reduces bird species richness and diversity along a Rur-urban gradient By JBES 2022

Author Name

Garima Tiwari and Fergus Mark Anthony

Journal Name

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES

Publisher Name

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub

Abstract

Urbanization is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world to accommodate the increasing human population but it is having a drastic effect on native flora and fauna. The present study was carried out across a three stage urbanization gradient in and around the city of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. Observations were made from September 2019 to February 2021 at the selected three sites during COVID 19 pandemic. Point count method was used for bird surveys and Sound pressure (Noise) measurements were made across the three selected sites. The Avian diversity was measured by total species richness, Fisher’s alpha diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Urban centre recorded the highest sound pressure and lowest Avian species richness but as we moved away from the urban centre the noise levels reduced and the avain species richness increased towards the rural areas. This is mainly due to many avian species avoiding urban areas because of increasing noise levels. We also found that the urban bird community is dominated by a few species whereas the rural bird community was much more diverse. To get the full articles, follow the link Anthropogenic noise reduces bird species richness and diversity along a Rur-urban gradient: A case study from a city in central India during nationwide lockdown amid COVID-19

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Solubility and dissolution optimization of paracetamol using in situ micronization by solvent change method | IJB 2022

Author Name

Alalor Christian Arerusuoghene, Okafo Sinodukoo Eziuzo, Avbunudiogba John Afokoghene, Atimah Charles Onajite.

Journal Name 

International Journal of Biosciences | IJB

Publisher Name 

International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub

Abstract  

Dissolution is an important preceding step for the absorption of drugs in class II of the Biopharma ceutics Classification System (BCS) resulting in poor bioavailability. This current study was directed at determining the outcome of in situ micronization technique on the dissolution and solubility profiles of paracetamol. Six formulations of paracetamol microcrystals were produced by the solvent change method using HPMC and PVP K30 as stabilizing agents. The solubility, percentage drug content, and dissolution patterns of the produced microcrystals were all tested.  The study disclosed that paracetamol solubility was increased up to 5-fold in the PVP K30 stabilized paracetamol microcrystal and a 4.5-fold increase for HPMC stabilized paracetamol microcrystal. The time course of dissolution was improved significantly from 0.6%/min for plain paracetamol to 1.1%/min and 1.2%/min for HPMC and PVP K30 stabilized paracetamol microcrystal respectively. Formulation P6, with 0.08 g of PVP K30 as stabilizing agents and an anti-solvent to solvent ratio of 1:6 was the optimized formulation having a 5-fold solubility increase, 98.3% content of active and 95.32% drug release in 60 minutes. The solvent change strategy of the in situ micronization technique could be used for the augmentation of solubility and dissolution of paracetamol. Check out more by following the link Solubility and dissolution optimization of paracetamol using in situ micronization by solvent change method

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Koennings S, Sapin A, Blunk T, Menei P,  Goepferich A. 2007.Towards controlled release of BDNF – manufacturing strategies for protein-loaded lipid implants and biocompatibility evaluation in the brain, Journal of Controlled Release 119, 163-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.02.005

Leena P, Jouni H. 2010. Pharmaceutical nanocrystals by nanomilling: critical process parameters, particle fracturing and stabilization methods. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62, 1569-1579.

Masoud B, Sima R. 2007. Production of micro-and nano-composite particles by supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 40, 263-283.

Mattia C, Coluzzi F. 2009. What anesthesiologists should know about paracetamol (acetaminophen). Minerva Anestesiologica 75(11), 644-53.

Mauludin R, Muller RH, Keck CM. 2009. Development of an oral route nanocrystal formulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 370, 202-209.

Maximiano FP, Maria de Paula L, Figueiredo VP, Mayer de Andrade I, Talvani A, Sá-Barreto LC, Bahia MT, Cunha-Filho MSS. 2011. Benznidazole microcrystal preparation by solvent change precipitation and in vivo evaluation in the treatment of Chagas disease. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 78, 377–384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.003

Miranda A, Millan M, Carballo I. 2007. Investigation of the influence of particle size on the excipient percolation thresholds of HPMC hydrophilic matrix tablets. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 96, 2746-2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.20912

Mullarney MP, Leyva N. 2009. Modelling pharmaceutical powder-flow performance using particle-size distribution data. Pharmaceutical Technology 33(2), 126-134.

Nighute AB, Bhise SB. 2009. Preparation and  Evaluation of Rifabutin Loaded Polymeric Microspheres. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2(2), 371-374.

Noor AD, Al-Khedairy EBH. 2019. Formulation and Evaluation of Silymarin as Microcrystals by In-Situ Micronization Technique. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 28(1). https://doi.org/10.31351/vol28iss1pp1-16

Pasquali I, Bettini R, Giordano F. 2006. Solid-state chemistry and particle engineering with supercritical fluids in pharmaceutics. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, 299-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2005.11.007

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Research Paper about Liming leads to high bean and maize yield on a strongly acid tea soil

 

Mr. Elisha Njue Mugai, and James Njer from the institute of the Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya wrote a research paper entitled "Liming leads to high bean and maize yield on a strongly acid tea soil" published by the International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR, an affiliated journal of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB, an open access scholarly research journal publishing company.

Abstract

Acid soils are very common in tea zones. These soils have a pH below 5.0. Below this pH, not only do the soils exhibit toxicity of aluminum and manganese but are deficient of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and molybdenum, hence becoming chemically infertile. Liming is one cheap way of reclaiming these soils. The staple food crops in these tea soils are maize and beans. However the effect of different liming levels on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea maiys, L.) yield on acid tea-growing ando-humic Nitisol had not before been investigated. A study was therefore conducted to determine the crop response to liming and the appropriate liming level for maize and bean crops in a tea zone soils. The experiment was carried out in Embu County, Kavutiri and Kianjokoma areas, Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) UM1. A randomized complete block design with four replications of each lime treatment was used at each site. Lime at rates of 0 (L0), 2.4 (L1), 6 (L2), 8 (L3) t/ha was broadcasted on to 4m x 4m plots and mixed into 0-15cm of soil. There was a significant response to liming for both maize and beans. The maximum maize and beans yield was attained at around liming level L2 (pH 5.5). Above this pH, yields started to decline. The study clearly shows the benefits of soil liming on strongly acid tea soils and also the importance of accurate lime applications.

 

 Introduction

Strongly acid soils are very common in tea zones (Njeru et al., 2012). Soil is termed acidic when its pH goes below 5.5 (Sombroek, et al.,1984) . Below this pH value, the soil not only exhibits toxicity of aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) but also is likely to suffer deficiency of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo), hence becoming infertile chemically (Von Uexküll and Mutert, 1995). Bean yield has been shown to reduce significantly as a result of this infertility (mugai et al., 2008). The application of high-input soil management technologies like expensive mineral fertilizers to increase food crop yields may not be feasible due to the low income levels of the farmers. Therefore the best approach should be a moderate input technology, like soil liming, which does not attempt to eliminate the use of fertilizers but rather complements them and maximizes their efficiency. Appropriate liming of acid soils eliminates Al toxicity, leads to supply of Ca andmg, and mobilises the fixed soil P and Mo (Njeru et al., 2012; Mugai, 2008). This leads to increased yields without even application of expensive mineral fertilizers or with low applications of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (Quaggio et al., 1995). On the other hand the effect of different liming levels on bean and maize yield on acid tea growing soil had not been investigated. It was therefore not possible to authoritatively recommend the lime level that could be applied in beans and maize crop in tea zones. The study was therefore conducted to determine the response and the appropriate liming level for maize and bean crops in a strongly acid tea zone soil. Check out more by following the link Liming leads to high bean and maize yield on a strongly acid tea soil

Reference

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Kenya Soil Survey (KSS). 2007. Soil Science Society of East Africa Excursion Route Guide, Embu, Kenya.

Mitchell CC. 1999. Soil Acidity and Liming (Overview), Department Crop and Soil Environmental Science,Clemson University. Available online at: http://hubcap.clemson.edu/~blpprt/pdf

Mugai EN, Agong SG, Matsumoto H. 2008. The effect of liming an acid nitisol with either calcite or dolomite on two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties differing in aluminium tolerance. Journal of Agriculture Science and technology, 10(2), 9-34.

Njeru MJ, Mugai EN, Njoroge G, Nyende AB. 2012. The impact of liming on biodiversity in Embu tea zone landscapes: A case study of Kavutiri area. Afr. J. Hort. Sci 6, 61-71.

Quaggio JA, Teófilo Sobrinho J, Dechen AR. 1992. Response to liming of ‘Valencia’ orange tree on Rangpur lime: effects of soil acidity and plant growth and yield. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture 2, 623-632.

Soil Survey Staff – USDA. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Sombroek WG, Braun HMH, Van der Pouw BJA. 1984. Exploratory Soil Map and Agro-climatic Zone Map of Kenya. Kenya Soil Survey. MoA, Kenya.

Tessens E, Shamshuddin J. 1982. Characteristics related to charges in oxisols of peninsular Malaysia. Pedologie XXXII (1), 85-106.

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Levers for the transformation of land use on the periphery of the Haut-Sassandra classified forest | JBES 2021

 

Research Paper was developed by Mr. Barima Yao Sadaiou Sabas, Zanh Golou Gizèle, Kouakou Akoua Tamia Madeleine, and Mr. Kouakou Kouassi Apollinaire from the institute of the Environmental Training and Research Unit, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, Daloa, Ivory Coast, Published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES, under the publication of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSPUB. Let's get some knowledge about it.

Abstract

The development of the agricultural sector in Côte d’Ivoire has led to profound changes in forest cover in general and around the protected areas of the State in particular. The aim of this work is to give an account of the process of mutation of the rural space of the classified forest of Haut-Sassandra for a better conservation of the latter. To achieve this objective, satellite images dating from 1997, 2002, 2006, 2013 and 2018 have been classified followed by observations and field surveys. The results show a reduction in forest cover in favour of agriculture. In fact, the forested areas that occupied 18.4% of the landscape in 1997 fell to 4% in 2018 with a conversion of more than 80% of the forested areas to crops. The latter are dominated by three perennial crops with associated food crops. Among these perennial crops, cocoa and coffee are the old ones and are essentially cultivated on a forest cultivation precedent, thus leading to a rarefaction of forest areas. While cashew trees, the third perennial crop, are more recent and were introduced into the area as a result of the increasing scarcity of forest areas. Thus, cashew trees are essentially cultivated on previous crops grown on fallow land and old plantations.

Journal Name- Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES

Published By- International Network for Natural Sciences | INNSPUB

Introduction

Agriculture plays a key role in the economic development of Sub-Saharan African countries. In these countries, it accounts on average for 70% of total employment, 40% of export goods and one-third of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Esso, 2009). Thus, among these sub-Saharan African countries, Ivory Coast has focused its economic development on the agricultural sector since independence. This sector is the engine of Ivorian growth with the development of cash crops encouraged by the State. According to the economic statistic, agriculture provides about 40% of Ivory coast export earnings and contributes to 15% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Assiri et al., 2016). However, agricultural pratices led a drastic reduction in forest cover (Koffi et al., 2018). Ivorian forest, which represented about 16 million hectares in 1960, has undergone a rapid reduction in area to less than 2.5 million hectares in 2007 (Chatelain et al., 2004). 

Agricultural activities are pointed out in Ivory coast as the main driver of deforestation (Desdoigts and Kouadio, 2013 ; Cissé et al., 2016). This is leading to the depletion of forest reserves (Kassin, 2009). Faced with this depletion of forest reserves, a displacement of populations from the pre-forest areas of the Center to forest areas including the Center-West of Ivory Coast in search of land suitable for cocoa production is observed. Furthermore, the displacement of populations in the Center-West of Ivory Coast has increased pressure on the land resources still available and the emergence of inter-community conflicts. Pressure on these resources has increased in both protected and rural areas (Ruf, 2018). 

The rural area of the Haut-Sassandra classified forest (CFHS) has experienced a massive displacement of population mainly from central Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso, in search of land suitable for cocoa production (Kouakou et al., 2015), increasing land and forest pressures. Once settled, these populations set up large camps (Oswald, 2005). In the face of these pressures on land and forest resources, monitoring and quantification of the dynamics of land use in the CFHS rural area is relevent in order to inform These natural resources management. Thus, the present study aims to determine the processes of transformation of the rural space of the classified forest of Haut-Sassandra for a better conservation of the latter. Indeed, the classified forest of Haut- Sassandra was declared a permanent domain of the Ivorian state in 1969 (Kouamé, 1998). This forest has been described as a dense semi-deciduous forest with Celtis spp. and Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum, from the mesophilic sector within the Guinean domain (Guillaumet and Adjanohoun, 1971). 

The flora of the CFHS is highly diversified both at the generic and specific levels (Kouamé, 1998). In 1998, it contained 1047 species composed of several endemic species with special IUCN status. Thus, it accounted for 25% at the species level and 43% at the genus level of the general flora of Ivory Coast (Kouamé et al., 1998). This state-owned area has experienced and continues to experience strong anthropogenic pressure (Kouakou et al., 2018; Kouakou et al., 2017). To date, forest area has decreased by more than 50%, with an annual loss of 17% to crops and housing (Barima et al., 2016, Kouakou et al., 2015; Sangne et al., 2015). This degradation of the CFHS could be the result of the anthropization of its periphery. The identification and understanding of the drivers of the modification of the peripheral areas of the CFHS could allow a better understanding of the pressures exerted in the protected area and guide the manager's decision-making. Check out more J. Bio. Env. Sci. 18(3), 70-85.

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