Research Paper | Using Bacillus thuringiensis product in controlling caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) on green mustard plant By JBES

(A) healthy insect, (B, C, D) death insect.

Author

Akhmad Rizal 

(Department of Agroechotecnology, Agriculture Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University,
A.yani Street, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Journal Name

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES

Abstract 

Numerous chemical insecticides have been used in order to control pests, which damage for agriculture. While chemical insecticides have knock down effect to the insect pests, they are too expensive in the developing countries and harmful to both human and the environment. One of the most important global problems is protecting crops from insect. For the control insects, synthetic chemical are continuously used. The implementation of integrated pest management aims to suppress adverse effects of the use of synthetic pesticides, plant pest immunity, prevent resurgence, and utilize as much as possible the ability of nature with using environmentally friendly microbio insecticide. Green mustard is a plant widely cultivated farmers in Indonesia, but green mustard plants also contain vitamins and nutrient that are important for health, because of the many cases of low productivity, one pests of caterpillars of causing farmers to suffer losses and the impact on the use of chemical insecticides by semi subsistence for control of caterpillar pests. To cope with the excessive use of chemical insecticides, the uses of microbio insecticide are more environmentally friendly can be applied. This study aimed to determine the mortality of insects, the rapid of time to control caterpillar pests at green mustard plants and to determine the concentration of B. thuringiensis the most effective way to control caterpillar pests on green mustard. In this result of study that it was found that the application of the most influence very real to the intensity of death caterpillar green mustard plants is K1 (Turex WP) with a concentration of 1g per liter. The best concentration and able to kill the caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) amounted to 71.00% within one day of observation after being treated.

Microbioinsecticide (B. thuringiensis) A. Turex WP B. Cutlass WP C. Delfin WDG.

Introduction

The mustard plant is included in the leaf vegetable of the Cruciferae family which has economic value. The mustard plant is a plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapsis in the family Brassicaceae. Mustard, any of several herbs belonging to the mustard family of plants, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), or the condiment made from these plants’ pungent seeds. The leaves and swollen leaf stems of mustard plants are also used, as greens, or potherbs. The principal types are white, or yellow mustard (Sinapis alba), a plant of Mediterranean origin; and brown, or Indian, mustard (Brassica juncea), which is Himalayan origin. The latter species has almost entirely replaced the formerly used black mustard (Brassica nigra) which was unsuitable for mechanized cropping and which new occurs mainly as an introduced weed.

Numerous chemical insecticides have been used in order to control pests, which damage for agriculture. While chemical insecticides have knock down effect to the insect pests, they are too expensive in the developing countries and harmful to both human and the environment. In addition, target insect pests rapidly develop biological resistance especially at higher rates of application. The chemical insecticides are still contributing to human life enormously, but they have been distributed in ecological system of organisms including human beings because of their low specific toxicity to any organism and their low specific toxicity to any organism and their slight decomposition in nature (Ameriana et al., 2000). Therefore, many biological controls of insects have been investigated. 

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Currently, researches on the use pathogenic microorganisms to control insect pests are increasing. Microbial pest control is practiced in different parts of the world though utilization of pathogen likes fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Bacterial research causing disease in insects began in the late nineteenth century. It was a study of flacherie of the silkworm, bombx mori (Burges and Hussey, 1971; Burges, 1981). Ishiwata (1901) in this report on the discovery of sotto bacillus, reffered briefly to occurrence of sotto bacillus-like organism, which causes the disease to silkworm larvae.

Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide. B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well on leaf surfaces, aquatic environments, animal feces, insect-rich environments, and flour mills and grain-storage facilities. It has also been observed to parasitize other moths such as Cadra calidella in laboratory experiments working with C. calidella, many of the moth were diseased due to this parasite. Check out more by following the link Using Bacillus thuringiensis product in controlling caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) on green mustard plant

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