Research Paper published by Agricultural Research Journal, about effects of foliar application with salicylic acid on the biochemical parameters | IJAAR

IJAAR- an open access scholarly research journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, published an articles entitle of "Effects of foliar application with salicylic acid on the biochemical parameters and redox status in two Canola plant varieties exposed to cold stress" by Zoheir Mellouk, Ilhem Benammar, Yvan Hernandez from Department of Biology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed BenBella, Algeria 2 Departmentof Agronomy, University of Alicante, Spain

Abstract

Low temperature is an important environmental factor that limits the survival, productivity and geographical distribution of plants. Oil seeds are the second global food resources among which Brassica napus L. is the third annual oil seed in the world. In cold stress, some biochemical and physiological reactions occur in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on total chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes activity and solute protein and proline contents were assessed in two canola varieties (Brassica napus L., cv RGS and LICORD) leaves exposed to cold stress during 0, 24, and 48 hours after salicylic acid treatment. They were first grown in a controlled growth room at 22/20 °C (day/night) for one month followed by SA spraying application (100, 200 and 400µM) and then plots were transferred to a cold environment (-2 °C) for 3 days. The results showed that the total chlorophyll content was decreased in RGS cultivars related to high salicylic acid concentration during the experiment. The results of antioxidant status showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and also lipid peroxidation were increased significantly after 48 hours compared first day. Catalase (CAT) activity was decreased 24 hours after salicylic acid treatment. Results showed an increase in protein content in both cultivars treated with SA, by contrast proline was greatly affected by salicylic acid treatment and its content was the highest 24 hours after treatment. According to the results of the present study indicated that application of salicylic acid has useful effects on the biochemical traits. Thereupon it may be effective for the improvement of plant growth in cold regions.

 

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

 

Introduction

It is a well know that, low concentration of phytohormones could regulation the wide rang of growth and development process. However, the metabolic aspects of plants applied with phytohormones shifted to varied degrees depend on the plant type and action mode. Salicylic acid belongs to a group of plant phenolics which has an aromatic ring and natural product of phenylpropanoid metabolism. SA involved in plant growth, flower induction, and Termogenesis (Raskin, 1992). It also has lots of affects on ions uptake (Raskin, 1992). Enhancement of the content pigments photosynthetic rate (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and modifying the activity of some of the important enzymes are other roles of SA. In terms of stress physiology, SA was first demonstrated to play a role in responses to biotic stress and involved in signal transduction process of biotic stress tolerance. In addition, acts as a signal for development of hypersensitive reaction (Horváth et al., 2007). However, it was gradually found to have more effects that could be of importance for other stress. Several studies show the ability of SA to produce protective effects in plant response to abiotic stress factors. The results of several studies shown that exogenous application of SA can aid plant tolerance with many abiotic stresses, such as; induced increase in the resistance to salinity (Szepesi et al., 2005), low temperature (Janda et al., 1997), water deficit (Singh and Usha 2003), freezing (Tasgin et al., 2003), and heavy metal (Mishra and Choudhuri, 1999). Exogenous application reduced the inhibitory effect of heavy metal in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Mishra and Choudhuri, 1999). In wheat, seeds were soaked in Acetyl salicylic acid; the plants had better resistance to drought stress (Singh and Usha 2003). In tobacco that growth in medium containing, SA caused to increased heat tolerance (Dat et al., 2000). It was shown that SA treatment applied to hydroponics growth solution of maize plants; provide protection against low temperature stress (Mishra and Choudhuri 1999). SA involved in resistance to stress form salinity for example in tomato plants (Szepesi et al., 2005). The genus Brassics is an important agriculture crop grown primarily for edible oil and used for various purposes, e.g., as vegetable, fodder, and condiments. Furthermore, it is known that Brassica species are significant plant for investigation in resistance of abiotic stress, especially cold resistance, and great advances have been made in term of cold induced genes and antioxidant mechanisms (Wang et al., 2007). In stress condition (low temperature especially), the primary target of damages related to the photosynthesis. In this situation, photoinhibition of photosynthesis is causes of the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the thylakoid membrance. These free radicals are able to damage to protein and pigments photosynthetic. To alleviated or prevent damage of free radicals, plants have evolved mechanisms by accumulation of low molecular weight solutes (Horváth et al., 2007) and antioxidant compounds (Tasgin et al., 2003), such as; SOD, CAT, and POX that scavenge the ROS. SOD is metallo- enzymes that scavenge the toxic superoxide radicals and catalyze the conversion of two superoxide anions into oxygen and H2O2 (Qaiser et al., 2010). Then, CAT converts the H2O2 into water and oxygen. POD decomposes H2O2 by oxidation of cosubstrates, such as; phenolic compounds and antioxidants. The recent work was conducted in order to determined salicylic acid treatment and its effect in two canola varieties to give more information on the physiological traits under chilling stress. For this purpose, we investigated the change in enzymes activity status, proline accumulation, protein solution, lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll pigments to related them to defense strategies in each variety.

 Get the full articles by following the link Int. J. Agr. Agri. Res. 8(5), 77-87.

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Research Paper published by INNSPUB | Assessment of heavy metals concentration in mud cuttings of reserve pit 7 in Twiga 1 well pad South Lokichar Basin relative to acceptable levels in drinking water

 

This research work has been written by David Mugendi, Caleb Mireri & Jacob Kibwage from Department of Environmental Planning and Management, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Abstract

Mud cuttings forms the largest volume of the waste generated during petroleum oil and gas drilling. Most often they are stored in reserve pits before final disposal which mostly is being spread in agricultural farms after incineration or being buried with shallow soil in reserve pits. Barite (Barium Sulphate) often added as a weighting agent to drilling muds to counteract pressure in the geological formations being drilled inhibiting well blow out contain elevated levels of heavy metals. These heavy metals contaminate the mud cuttings during the drilling process and if poorly managed these cuttings can leach out and contaminate underground water ecosystems. X-ray Florence machine was used to determine the heavy metals concentrations in the mud cuttings. The heavy metals concentration detected in the reserve pit was in the order of Iron> Calcium> potassium> lead> Manganese> Copper andd Nickel with their average values being 70.74ppm, 62.57ppm, 8.14ppm, 4.58ppm, 1.58ppm, o.21ppm and 0.05ppm respectively.

The results indicated that heavy metals such as Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Lead (Pb) concentration levels in the mud cuttings were all above World Health Organization (WHO), and United State Environmental Agency (USEPA), recommended levels for consumption water posing a potential danger to human and animal health in case of exposure.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Research Paper on Faba bean genotype by A. N. Attia, M. I. EL-Abady and Heba H. AL-Agamy

 

A. N. Attia, M. I. EL-Abady and Heba H. AL-Agamy from Mansoura University and Agricultural Research Center of Egypt wrote a research paper on  faba bean genotype, entitle of  "Biochemical identification of some faba bean genotype"

Faba bean is an important crop in Egypt both for human and animal consumption. This experiment includes 8 promising lines and 4 varieties of faba bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.) was carried out at Giza Research Station, ARC during the winter seasons of 2018 and 2019 to identify and discriminate these genotypes. Biochemical analysis including (ISSR-PCR) technique, SDS-PAGE and Isozymes analysis were tested in leaves.

By using Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR-PCR) technique, it was possible to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of the 12 faba bean genotypes included in this study. A total of 51 amplified bands were generated with five ISSR primers, of which 48 (92.3%) were polymorphic which represent a relatively high polymorphism level. Moreover, the patterns of leaf protein were studied using SDS-PAGE. It was found that each genotype was characterized by a protein with specific molecular weight. Isozymes analysis using Peroxidase and Poly phenyl oxidase results revealed that, differences in the density of bands can be used to successfully identify and characterize these faba bean genotypes.

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Research Paper on Effects of 60Co gamma radiation doses on seed germination of Jatropha curcas L.

 

Baudouin K. Nyembo, Alexandre N. Mbaya, Calvin C. Ilunga, Jean-Louis N. Muambi and Luc L. Tshilenge wrote a research paper on  seed germination of Jatropha curcas L., entitle of "Effects of 60Co gamma radiation doses on seed germination of Jatropha curcas L."

This study aimed to assess the effects of different gamma radiation doses from Cobalt -60 isotopic source on seed germination and early growth parameters of Jatropha curcas L. Healthy and dry seeds were subjected to three doses of gamma rays (100, 200 and 300 Gy). The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design, with three replicates. 

The significantly maximum germination percentage (89.85 %), seedling survival (92.3 %), seedling collar diameter (0.892 cm), plant height (17.30 cm), number of leaves (7) were observed at 30 days after germination. The results revealed that seed germination percentages and seedling shoot length decreased with increasing dose of gamma-rays. 

Higher gamma-ray dose (300 Gy) in particular had a pronounced effect on these germination parameters than others, probably because high-dose inhibited cell division due to free radicals and DNA system damage. The LD50 for seeds germination rates was obtained at 254 Gy. These results implied that germination traits of Jatropha curcas seeds were sensitive to increase in gamma-ray. 

Effects of 60Co gamma radiation doses on seed germination of Jatropha curcas L.|Ijaar vol-13-no-5-p-46-52 from Innspub Net

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Research Paper on Zooplankton Assessment and the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Bitan-ag Creek by Gina C. Lacang

 

Map of Bitan –ag Creek, Cagayan de Oro, showing the sampling sites

Claire Ann Malaras, Genevive Precillas, Sean Michael S. Cabañeros, RJ Krista Raye Y. Leocadio and Gina C. Lacang from Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines, wrote a research paper on Zooplankton entitle of  "Zooplankton Assessment and the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Bitan-ag Creek Cagayan de Oro City"

This research study aimed to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of Bitan- ag creek and to assess zooplankton diversity. Specifically, it determined (1) the physico-chemical condition and nutrient load of the creek and compared to DENR Administrative Order (DAO) standard, (2) assessed how the physico-chemical parameters affect the distribution and abundance of zooplankton, (3) identify zooplankton species that are found in each sampling sites, (4) measure significant difference on the abundance and diversity of zooplankton between sites.  

Tierra Del Puerto, Brgy. Camaman-an, Cagayan de Oro City (Upstream)

The study made used of the descriptive-comparative design to determine quantitatively water quality parameters such as conductivity, water temperature, TDS, turbidity, salinity, water current, COD, DO, pH, nitrates and phosphorus.

C.M. Recto Avenue, Brgy .Lapasan Cagayan de Oro City (Midstream)

The results clearly revealed that some physico-chemical and nutrient load parameters exceeded the standard of class “C” water body, this includes: conductivity, TDS, turbidity, DO and phosphate content. A total of five (5) species of zooplankton belonging to three (3) families namely: Appendicularia, Daphniidae and Ameiridae were present.

Lapaz 1, Agora, Brgy. Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City (Downstream)

Family ameiridae had the highest total number of three individuals which are found in first and third sites, whereas, the appendicularia and daphniidae settled only in the third sampling sites. Further, the study also showed significant difference on the abundance and diversity of zooplankton between sites. Thus, the distribution and abundance of zooplankton in Bitan –ag creek were greatly influenced by the condition of its physico-chemical and nutrient chemistry. The research suggested that there should be rehabilitation of Bitan –ag creek to avoid further degradation of its water quality.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

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Research Paper on vegetables | Towards valorizing spinach and amaranth’s leaves in Eastern democratic republic of Congo | IJAAR 2019

Rubayi Sanga Providence, Niyibizi Gakuru Patient, Habineza Mpunga Jean Pierre and Chuma Boshwenda André wrote a research paper on spinach and amaranth’s vegetables, entitle of "Towards valorizing spinach and amaranth’s leaves in Eastern democratic republic of Congo"

Spinach and amaranth are among the most consumed vegetables in Eastern DRC where mothers are encouraged to consider them in their daily diets as source of vitamins and minerals and to fight against infantile malnutrition. During dry season prices are higher as compared to wet season due to low productions; at the same time considerable production losses are encountered during wet seasons due to poor conservation facilities.

It’s in the regards that this study was conducted aiming to reduce post-harvest losses by drying leaves; specifically in this study two methods of drying leaves (sun and oven drying) will be assessed to come up with the best; this study will help also diversify consumption pattern in Eastern DRC. Organoleptic and physicochemical analyzes showed that sun-dried vegetables have high values ​​of moisture, iron, fat and ash compared to oven dried vegetables; however, no significant difference was observed between the two methods of drying as regards to protein and calcium contents. Oven drying reduced the aroma, color, taste and flavor of amaranths compared to the sun drying, but no difference was found between the two methods for spinach. These results imply that drying is a good method of preservation, making these vegetables available during the period of scarcity. Oven and sun drying are both good for spinach but precaution should be taken when applying oven drying on amaranths.

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Research paper on Agro-forestry | Determination of moisture content of peanut (Arachis hypogea Linn.) kernel using near-infrared hyper-spectral imaging technique

Jose D. Guzman from Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao City, Philippines, wrote a research paper on Agro-forestry entitle of Determination of moisture content of peanut (Arachis hypogea Linn.) kernel using near-infrared hyper-spectral imaging technique.

Moisture content is a very essential indicator for quality and storage stability of peanuts but its measurement is tedious and time-consuming. This study ventured in a rapid and non-destructive way of determining and predicting the moisture content of peanut kernels utilizing latest technology. This study generally aims to investigate the potential of hyper spectral imaging technique in the near- infrared region (900nm – 1700nm) for determining and predicting moisture content of peanut kernels.

 

Source: wikiwand.com

 

Using partial least square regression (PLSR), spectral data from the peanut kernel hyperspectral images were extracted to predict MC. The MC PLSR model displayed good performance with determination coefficient of calibration (R2c), cross- validation (R2cv) and prediction (R2p) of 0.9309, 0.9094 and 0.9316, respectively. In addition, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), cross- validation (RMSECV) and prediction (RMSEP) of 1.6978, 1.9571 and 1.8715, respectively. Optimization was done by selecting wavelengths with the highest absolute weighted regression coefficients resulting to 20 wavelengths identified. These wavelengths were used to build the optimized regression model which resulted to better model with R2c of 0.9357, R2cv of 0.9142 and R2p of 0.9445 as well as RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP of 1.6822, 1.8316 and 1.9519, respectively. The optimized model was applied to the peanut kernel hyperspectral images in a pixel- wise manner obtaining peanut kernel moisture content distribution map. Results show promising potential of hyperspectral imaging system in the near- infrared region combined with partial least square regression (PLSR) for rapid and non- destructive prediction of moisture content of peanut kernels.

 

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

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Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. V.15 N.4 | Marine wood borers: A source of Lignocellulolytic enzymes

By: M Bosire Carren 

Key Words: Marine woodborers, Lignocellulolytic enzymes, Bioconversion

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field  of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Lignocellulose, the structural framework of woody plants biomass, is an inexhaustible, renewable, and ubiquitous organic material on earth. It is present in huge amounts as agricultural and forestry residues and wastes generated from different industries including solid municipal wastes. Lignocellulosic biomass is an alternative, economical and eco-friendly source for biofuel production and other bio-based products. It is mainly comprised of cellulose, lignocellulose, and lignin polymers. Each of its structural components is degraded by specific enzymes, such as cellulases, hemicellulases and lignolytic enzymes, and these constituents in turn can be utilized as a sustainable source of energy. Biofuel offers great promise to replace fossil fuels without causing the feud of food-fuel supply as they are derived from non-edible sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. 

For this reason, lignocellulolytic enzymes are the focus of present decade research. These enzymes are obtained from microorganisms especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Marine woodborers digest wood and play a role in carbon cycling by bioconversion in the ocean. The woodborers also harbor microbial groups for production of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Various studies have evaluated the lignocellulose degrading ability of marine woodborers and that of microbial groups from their guts, which have potential in the production of value-added products. This paper is an overview of the diversity of marine woodborers endogenous lignocellulolytic enzymes as well as microbial groups from their guts that are sources of lignocellulolytic enzymes, along with a brief discussion on their hydrolytic enzyme systems involved in bioconversion. Get the full articles at Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 15(4), 10-29, October 2019.

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