Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] tolerance to low p condition - IJAAR

Yuli Sulistyowati, Trikoesoemaningtyas*, Didy Sopandie, Sintho Wahyuning Ardie, Satya Nugroho

• Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia

A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments: (1) in nutrient solution and (2) in acid soil.The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu.The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days.

Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage.The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action.The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor.The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Morpho-physicochemical characterization of Kartiksail rice(Oryza sativa L.) land races of Bangladesh - IJAAR

Mir Sharf Uddin Ahmed1*, Shahnaz Parveen1, Mohammed Khalequzzaman1, A.K.M
Shamsuddin2

1. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
2. Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Twenty one land races of Kartiksail rice of Bangladesh were studied at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during T.Aman2011.The analysis of variance of 37 morpho-physicochemical characters showed highly significant differences among the land races. The mean performances showed that wide range of variations among the genotypes was existed and there was no duplicate genotype.

The seedling height varied from 53.24 (KS15) to 82.93 cm (KS1), culm height from 80.80 (KS15) to 117.0 cm (KS6), straw yield per hill from 12.34 (KS3) to 34.39 g (KS14), panicle length from 19.81 (KS13) to 27.04 cm (KS5), secondary branch number from 15.67 (KS13) to 49.0 (KS5), grain length from 44 (KS16) to 10.6 mm (KS19), 1000-grain weight from 16.52 g (KS16) to 30.06 g (KS13), protein content from 6.6% (KS10) to 10% (KS20), grain yield per panicle 1.58 (KS15) to 3.82 g (KS1) and grain yield per hill from 16.83 (KS17) to 29.84 g (KS19), respectively. Besides, high GCV and h2 b together with high GAPM were observed in secondary branch number, LB ratio, seedling height, 1000-grain weight, protein content etc. suggested that selection may be effective for these characters in segregating generations.The correlation between different characters indicated that the higher the PBN, APBL, SBN and SBFGW possessed greater PL and PGY and these characters emerged as most important associates of grain yield in rice. Finally, the identified traditional rice germplasmof the present study can offer a valuable gene reservoir which needs to be characterized as well as mapping the QTL using molecular tools for validating useful genes.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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The effect of foliar application of microelements on phenological and physiological characteristics of Mung bean under drought stress- IJAAR

Delbar Chehel Amirani*, Pourang Kasraei

• Department of Agroecology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin-Pishva, Iran

In order to investigate on the effect of foliar application of microelements on phenological and physiological characteristics of Mung bean under drought stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the Agriculture Faculty greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva branch in2013-2014.The first factor was drought stress at four levels include a control (without stress),applying of drought stress at flowering stage,pod and dough stages and the second factor was foliar application of microelements at three levels include a control (spraying of distilled water),3 and 6 pm.The results showed that the drought stress decreases plant height, leaf area index, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and increases grain protein percentage and pro line accumulation. 

The effect of drought stress at flowering stage was higher than other stages. Also, the foliar application of microelements was increased the plant height, leaf area index, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, grain protein percentage and pro line accumulation in with and without stress conditions.Therefore, the most effective concentration of microelements was 6 pm.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Studies on removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by sorption method using water hyacinth - Eichornia crassipes roots- JBES

Gopinath1*, Karthikeyan1, Sivakumar1, Magesh1, MohanaSundaram1, Poongodi1, Ramesh2, Rajamohan2

1. Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology,
   Maduranthagam-603308, TamilNadu, India
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India

Dye containing waste water can cause serious water pollution problems by hindering light penetration and photo synthesis and toxicity from heavy metals associated with dyes. In this research study, batch experiments were conducted using thermally activated Eichornia crassipes roots as an adsorbent for the removal a basic dye, malachite green, from aqueous solutions.

 

Effect of operating variables i.e. pH, sorbent dosage, dye concentration and contact time was studied in an agitated batch adsorber. Results showed that maximum dye uptake was observed at an optimum pH 7 .There was no significant difference in dye concentration remaining when the pH increased from 5-10. Dye removal was influenced by initial dye concentration and the sorption process followed first order kinetics. Among the three isotherms tested Redlich Peterson and Langmuir isotherms fitted reasonably well to the data. The negative value of the free energy change indicates the spontaneous nature of biosorption. From the above findings, it was observed that the biosorption process obeyed the first order adsorption kinetics. The negative value of the free energy change calculated indicates the spontaneous nature of the sorption and confirms the affinity between the sorbent and the dye cations.

Journal Name: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Methodological approach to indigenous fruit trees breeding: case of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don.) H. J. Lam.(Burseraceae) in Cameroon

• Makueti Josephine Therese1*, Tchoundjeu Zacharie1, Van Damme Patrick2,3, Kalinganire Antoine4, Asaah Ebenezar5, Tsobeng Alain1

1. World Agroforestry Centre, PO Box. 16317, Yaoundé, Cameroon
2. Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
3. Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, 165 21, Czech Republic
4. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, BPE 5118, Bamako, Mali.
5. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Sierra Leone, 32A Wilkinson Road, PO Box 210, Freetown, Sierra Leone

 

Very little work has been done forthe varietal improvement of indigenous fruit trees. Controlled cross pollination tests were conducted on Dacryodes edulis to assess the influence of the origin of the male parent and the type of flower that produced pollen used for fertilization on the fruiting efficiency of 14 well-known females’ accessions from three provenances.

The crossbreeding test was performed following a full nested mating design. The experimental design included provenance as a fixed factor, treatment as within-subject (i.e. repeated measures) fixed factor and plant individual as a random factor (subject). The results showed that the fruiting index that determines the species’ yield varies significantly (p = 0.010) with the combined actions of the three factors studied which were (i) the provenance of the male parent; (ii) the pollen type used for hand fertilization (pure male or hermaphrodite) and (iii) the female parent status.Six best combinations originated from Boumnyebel and Makenene provenances, characterized by high fruit-setting rate and the fruiting index (˃70% and ˃50% respectively), then by low fruit-dropping rate after fruit set (˂20%) were identified. Although we did not observe increasing in fruit size as compare to breeding in Citrus or Ziziphus species, the process of controlled cross-pollination investigated in this study significantly increased the fruit set. This could help in controlling the early fruit drop which negatively impacts thespecies’ yield.Thereafter, control-pollinated seedlings (F1) obtained from this study and established as progeny trials will be vulgarized within agro-ecological zones and/ormultiplied vegetatively for clonal and futurecultivars development trials.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Irrigation interval and fertilizer nutrient sources influenced growth and biomass yield of ‘PITA 24’ plantain (Musa spp. AAB) --IJAAR

• Simon Chinekenwa Aba1*, Kayode Paul Baiyeri1,2

1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
2. Visiting scientist to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

In the current global climate change scenario, there are predictions of drought and water shortages. This study evaluated varying fertilizer treatments (organic – 20 t.ha-1 of composted poultry manure, inorganic – 400 kg N +600 kg K2O + 100 kg P2O5 per hectare, and

the complementary doses thereof, and a no- fertilizer control) alongside three irrigation intervals (every 3 days, 6 days or 9 days) on growth and biomass yield of micro propagated‘PITA 24’ plantain. Results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in growth and dry matter yield (DMY), and the distribution pattern following the irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Plant performances (height,girth, biomass yield, and leaf canopy indices) were superior and sometimes similar in plants that received organic fertilizer or the combined doses of organic/inorganic fertilizers. Similarly, plants that received water every 3 days had the best growth and DMY, followed by those of the 6 days interval. Growth lag and leaf losses were obvious in plants watered every 6 or 9 days interval. The worst hit by the transient moisture stress were the control plants and those plants grown with mineral fertilizers alone. DMY was significantly high in plants that received organic fertilizer alone, followed closely by plants that had the complementary fertilizer doses.

These plants allotted greater proportion of the DMY to the aerial components, whereas the control plants accumulated more underground components. Results from the study suggest that transient moisture stress in plantains could be managed with judicious use of manure or complementary application with mineral fertilizers.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Analysis of response to water deficit in three Indian varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for drought tolerance--IJAAR

• Bhupendra Koul1*, Devindra Vijay Amla1, Indraneel Sanyal1, Ruchi Singh

1. Plant Transgenic Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, P.O. Box 436, Rana Pratap
   Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India
2. Plant Physiology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, P.O. Box 436, Rana Pratap
   Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture for losses in crop productivity worldwide. Three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties namely P362, P1103 and SBD377 were assessed for response to drought tolerance during vegetative stage, in stress and non-stress environments, under contained conditions. Several physiological parameters including gas exchange, photosynthesis rate, fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water loss per day were monitored simultaneously.

P362 variety showed maximum photosynthesis rate in irrigated as well as in drought conditions. This variety also maintained its relative water content (RWC)and water potential (WP) during imposition of similar duration of drought. Due to the maximum elasticity of leaf cells, it maintained its cell turgidity upto 68% RWC to protect itself from water stress, compared to variety P1103 and SBD377. The effective solute concentration and osmotic potential in the irrigated controls at full turgor was lowest in P362 variety, compared to the other two varieties. 

Osmotic adjustment (OA) was assessed as a capacity factor which is rate of change in turgor pressure with RWC.P362 variety showed a maximum OA value of 0.27 while the values for SBD377 and P1103 were 0.22 and 0.21, respectively. During water stress, the chlorophyll content was minimally reduced in P362 variety, therefore effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and photosynthesis rate was maximally maintained. The higher photosynthesis rate under irrigated conditions and maintenance of higher RWC under drought conditions makes P362 variety a promising option for optimum yield under prolonged terminal drought or under rain-fed conditions.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Effect of application of Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizers on some vegetative and reproductive traits in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) -IJAAR

• Shiva Ghasemi, Khadijeh Abbaszadeh, Mostafa Ghasemi*, Morteza Salari, Fatemeh
  Zarei

1. Department of Horticulture, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

A pot experiment was carried out to examine the effect of application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on some vegetative and reproductive traits in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Treatments were included control with no fertilizer (T1); 70 mg N per kg soil (T2); 50 mg K2O per kg soil (T3); and combination of T2 and T3 (T4) that applied on 30 day old seedlings.

In the end of experiment (30 days after flowering), the parameters stem height, stem diameter, number of leaves and flowers, flower diameter, calyx length, number of shoots, fresh and dry weight of organs and vitamin C were evaluated. The results showed that were significant differences in some parameters among applied treatments.

Treatments 3 and 4 showed no significant differences in studied parameters. Application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the levels of vitamin C while potassium fertilizer and integrated use of N and K increased the levels of vitamin C.

The traits stem height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of shoots, biomass of leaves and flowers were not significantly affected by fertilizer treatments. The highest flower diameter (2.63 cm), calyx length (2.91 cm) and flower dry weight (10.56g), were obtained at treatment of 50 mg K2O kg-1 soil. The results showed that the treatments K alone and combination of N with K were more efficient than either N or no fertilizer in improving traits of Roselle.

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to an oilfield wastewater in Nigeria-IJMM

Nedie Patience Akani*, Omokaro Obire

• Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt. P.M.B. 5323, Choba - Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

The Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an oilfield wastewater were investigated. The concentrations included 0% (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. Physico-chemistry and mycoflora of wastewater and tissues of Clarias gariepinus were determined using standard methods.

Mean values obtained were; temperature 25.93± 6.7oC, pH 7.73±0.31, turbidity 40.33±1.53 NTU, salinity 6584±137mg/l, conductivity 15200± 1058.68μs/cm,total dissolved solids 8436.33±501.68mg/l, total suspended solids 4.67±0.58mg/l, alkalinity 1296.33±2168mg/l, dissolved oxygen 1.83±0.38mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 1.3±0.7mg/l and Total hydrocarbon 40.54±50mg/l.

Temperature, DO, BOD and THC were below allowable FEPA limits while all other components were higher. Mean counts of total fungi and petroleum degraders in the oilfield wastewater were 4.7±0.46 x 106 sfu/ml and 59.7±25.7% respectively. Fungal counts in the tissues of Clarias ranged from 0.20±0.00 x 104sfu/g to 3.00±0.00 x 104sfu/g (skin), 0.48±0.05 x104sfu/g to 7.25±0.96 x 104sfu/g (gills), and 1.13±0.15 x 104sfu/g to 5.75± 0.50 x 104sfu/g(intestine). The intestine had higher fungal counts, but the gills recorded the highest at 10% concentration. Fungi isolated included; Aspergillus fumigatus (46.43%), Aspergillus niger (100%),Fusarium spp. (100%), Mucor spp. (24.99%), Penicillium spp. (57.14%), Rhizopus spp. (32.13%) and Saccharomyces spp. (34.3%).

 

All except Saccharomyces spp were isolated from oilfield wastewater. Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp, Mucor and Rhizopus are considered normal flora, but can still cause infection which may result in the mortality of the fish and eventually economic loss to the aquarium fish industry. Proper treatment of oilfield wastewater prior to discharge into the recipient water body is advocated to reduce Eco toxicological problems.

Journal Name: International Journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus indica-- IJBB

• Shlini Purushothaman*, Siddalinga Murthy K R

• Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka. India

The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH.Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme.

The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day.

During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant.The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β–galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1.

In contrast the activity of β–glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase is under progress.

Journal Name: International Journal of Biomolecules and Biomedicine (IJBB)

Publication Name: International Network For Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

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