- Abdul Rauf1*, Muhammad Javed1, Ghazala Jabeen2, Arshad Javid3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of wild life, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, wild life and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
The River Ravi has subject to severe disturbances due to contaminants discharge of untreated industrial wastes and domestic sewage. This study was planned to assess the status of heavy metals Copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) in water and indian major carp (Catla catla) collected from the sampling station, Baloki Headworks.
The results showed significant differences among six fish organs viz. Gills, kidney, liver, skin,muscle and scales. Accumulation of Cu in all the six fish organs showed significant difference. Fish liver was the organ that accumulated significantly higher quantities of these metals followed by that of kidney and scales. The magnitude of heavy metals in both river stretch and tributary waters were Cu > Cr > Cd > Co while in the fish tissue the elements decreased in the order Cu > Cr >Co> Cd.
The correlation coefficient between the metals toxicity of Catla catla body organs and water was positively significant. The result of this study indicated that the metals present in the river system were taken up by Catla catla through water, sediments and food, regardless of their biological needs, showed higher metal concentrations.
This study was conducted to assess population structure and threat to the sustainable management of woody species in the various ago-ecosystems in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area (LGA) Katsina State, Nigeria. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to collect data from 21 randomly demarcated 100m × 100m sample plots. All woody plant species found in the sample plots with stem diameter >2 cm at 20cm above ground, were recorded. Population structure was summarized by diameter classes. For the identification of threats, field and questionnaire surveys were used. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed at ten questionnaires per ward in five out of the 11 wards in the LGA. 
