Medicinal plants used against epilepsy by the local communities of Sargodha region, Pakistan | JBES 2020

By: Amin Shah, Sarvat Rahim, Zarqa Bashir, Asif Abbas Shah, Shoaib Shah, Shahzad Hussain, Nuzhat Rasul, Summaya Arif, Ifra Akhtar, Ihsan Ullah, Mahmooda Hassan

Key Words: Medicinal plants, Ethnic communities, Frequency citation (FC), Mirgi, Asteraceae

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper / manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

Many plants are claimed to be effective to treat epilepsy, but very little knowledge is available about such plants used by various ethnic communities in Pakistan. This study presents the first report on the ethnobomedicinal knowledge among the local communities of Sargodha region, Pakistan in this regards by using quantitative ethnobotanical approaches. 84 aboriginal households (house-to-house interviews) including 10 traditional healers who still practiced their aboriginal system of medicine were interviewed to collect information on the herbal preparations used by them to treat epilepsy. Data were documented by using semi-structured questionnaires to consult the residents about their awareness of plant used against epilepsy. Documented data was assessed using frequency of citation (FC) preference ranking (PR), percentage of respondents having knowledge about the use of species (PRK) and Relative Frequency Citation (RFC). A total of 49 plant species belonging to 45 genera and 34 families were reported to cure epilepsy. The highest percentage of life form was found to be the herbs (63.2%). The Leaves were the dominant plant part with 29.4% and most of the herbal medicines were prepared in the form of decoction (54%). Plants with the highest RFC values were Bacopa monnieri (0.61) followed by Xanthium strumarium (0.57), Achyranthes aspera (0.51) and Citrus maxima (0.44). High proportion of respondents (PRK) was found for Bacopa monnieri (61.2%) followed by Xanthium strumarium (57.1%), Achyranthes aspera (51.0%) and Citrus maxima (44.8%). The study will be used as baseline data for analysing phytochemical constituents and bioactive compounds of these promising medicinal plants. Get the full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 16(1), 15-24, January 2020.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.
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Get some knowledge about Mozambique tilapia at "Investigating body shape variation of Oreochromis mosambicus (Peters, 1852) sampled from Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines"

By: Virgilio B. Ratunil Jr, Clevin P. Libay, Gideon A. Ebarsabal, Gregorio Z. Gamboa Jr, Dexter Q. Mahomoc, Cresencio C. Cabuga Jr.

Key Words: Geometric morphometric, Morphology, Shape analysis, fishery, Caraga Region

Ecological differentiation in terms of spatial and temporal condition highly attributes changes of the organism from genotypic to phenotypic composition and thus affecting morphological structures. This study aims to investigate the body shape variation in the population of Oreochromis mosambicus; Peters 1852 sampled from Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines using Geometric Morphometric analysis.

The endemic O. mosambicus constitute a significant fishery resource in the study area. Thus, they are economically important fish species. A total of 60 individuals comprises of 30 males, and 30 females were collected. The sample collection was done in July 2019. Female and male samples were subjected to Symmetry and Asymmetry Geometric Data Software (SAGE). Results show that both female and male samples obtain a highly significant difference P<0.0001 from the data provided through Procrustes ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showing high fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels in female 57.52% when compared in males 52.78%. This show a body shape variation among the sexes while the natural settings play a major component for shifting shape and forms of organims. Thus, the importance of using Geometric Morphometric analysis allows to scrutinize the shape variation of fishes among and between populations and thus clearly defines structures.Get the full articles at-
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 15(6), 82-91, December 2019.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

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Protein depression analysis during summer season in conventional milk|Ijaar vol-14-no-4-p-1-4

By: Duygu Ulaş, Ali Rıza Şahin

Key Words: Protein depression, Milk, Summer.

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Data of study was obtained from a milk company in Tekirdağ province of Turkey during June, July and August month. If the protein/fat ratio is less than 0.80 in milk, milk protein depression occurs. Protein/fat data were analyzed by one sample t test was made to compare differences (p<0.05) between means of months and reference value (0.80 = protein depression threshold) with help of the SPSS 18.0. Milk protein/fat means of June (0.89), July (0.88) and August (0.91) months were higher than reference value (0.80). According to results obtained from all months, it can be said that there were no protein depression during summer season in conventional milk. This study should be repeated for all season of year. The dairy product manufacturers must be careful about protein depression in milk obtained from different season for achieving maximum profit.

 Proper feed intake of dairy cows can both improve the economy of production and ensure a healthier dam. To achieve these goals, milk producers must feed to increase milk production with maximum rates of milk protein and fat. Milk protein may be critically reduced in dairy cows as a result of insufficient feed intake, especially in the postpartum period. Milk protein has economic value because higher protein leads to higher milk products such as cheese, yoghurt etc. Consequently, milk protein content of milk is emphasized (Alderson and Pollak, 1980; Fox and McSweney, 2003). Factors which affect milk composition include dam factors such as age (Yıldırım et al., 2009), body condition (Cimen and Topçu, 2013), live weight, udder measurements and environmental factors such as temperature (Ceylan et al., 2013), milking methods (Cetin et al., 2010) disease (i.e. mastitis) and nutrition (Pratap et al., 2014). If the protein/fat ratio is less than 0.80 in milk, milk protein depression occurs (Stokes et al., 2012). The environmental conditions in different months are known as important factors which have influences on the milk components and taste of it. Recently, researches focus on depression of milk parameters such as fat and protein (Weiss, 2012; Boerman, 2013). There has been extensive research in recent decades into milk parameters and the agents responsible for the production of milk parameters. Only limited knowledge is available on the protein depression and no detailed data on the conventional milk are available. Although much is known about causal relationships between composition of the diet and levels of milk parameters, little is known about differences in milk protein levels and protein depression thresholds between seasons. This is the first study to investigate the protein depression during summer season in conventional milk. Material and methods Study area and season Milk protein data was obtained from a milk company in Tekirdağ province of Turkey during summer season. Daily milk samples for each summer month (June, July and August) were obtained. Collection of data and milk analysis Samples were collected directly from homogenized bulk milk at determined local points and put in to the 100mL sterile plastic container stored at 4oC and immediately transported in freeze to the laboratory and analyzed. Milk protein rates were determined by milk auto-analyzer (Milkana). Statistical analysis Protein data were analyzed by one sample t test was made to compare differences (p<0.05) between means of months and reference value (0.80 = protein depression threshold) with help of the SPSS 18.0 (Norusis, 1993; Çimen 2015). Results and discussion Protein depression thresholds of conventional milk for each month of summer season were shown in Table 1, 2 and 3. Get The full articles at-  Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(4), 1-4, April 2019.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Protein depression analysis during summer season in conventional milk|Ijaar vol-14-no-4-p-1-4 from Innspub Net

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Species composition and diversity of periphytic diatoms along Umalag River, Philippines

Rivers are one of the providers of both economic and ecosystem services. However, it has been gradually degraded by general public. One of which is Umalag River, considered to be as one of the heavily stressed rivers due to different anthropogenic activities nearby. Consequently, not only locals are affected to these changes, but also the aquatic life as well. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the current water quality status of the river. It involved species composition, abundance and diversity of periphytic diatoms.

Two sites were established, Site A described as a rocky substrate while Site B is a combination of rocky and muddy substrate. Simpson’s Diversity Index was employed to attain the species diversity status in the two sites. Based on the results, fifteen (15) genera were found in two (2) sites, eleven (11) of which were identified in Site A, while eight (8) were found in Site B. Navicula sp., Gomphonema sp., and Nitzschia sp. dominated in Site A, while Pinnularia sp., followed by Navicula sp., and Nitzschia sp. were some of the species found in Site B.

  It was evident that both sites were dominated by Navicula sp., and Nitzschia sp. which are known to be pollution tolerant species. Site B obtained the highest diversity index of 0.823. The existence of periphtyic diatoms can be associated to the type of substrate, habitat preferences as well as to the varying environmental factors which may possibly poses an important implication to the water quality and biological integrity. Full Articles at-J. Bio. Env. Sci. 14(1), 121-130, January 2019.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

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Evaluation of phenolic content of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in association to bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) infestation | IJAAR-Vol-14-No-3-p-9-13

By: Gaudencia J. Kiptoo, Miriam G. Kinyua, Oliver K. Kiplagat

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Common bean is the most important pulse crop in Kenya, though small scale farmers have limited access to pest resistant seeds. This has therefore made common bean yields remain below 1000kgha^-1, while the potential is 2000kgha^-1. However phenolics are secondary metabolites present in plants and this could be an attribute contributing to common beans resistance to bean fly infestation.

The objective of this study was to devise effective ways of managing bean fly by use of phenolic content present in commercial varieties of common beans. This was achieved by determining the total phenol content of the beans. The bean varieties were; KK 8, Tasha, KK 15 (Resistant check), Chelalang, Wairimu dwarf, Ciankui, GLP 585, Miezi mbili, GLP 2 (Susceptible check), GLP 1004, GLP 24, and GLP 1127. Experimental design was RCBD with three replications. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA, mean values were separated using LSD at 5% level of significance. Chelalang, Tasha, GLP 1004, KK 8, GLP 585 and KK 15 showed resistance and high yields. Phenol content was significant (P< 0.05) in resistant common bean varieties (KK8, Tasha, Chelalang, GLP 585, KK15, and GLP 1004). The common beans which showed significant resistance to bean fly had significant (P< 0.05) high yields of above 1000Kgha^-1.

Therefore from the study it was evident that presence of phenol content in common beans deters bean fly infestation. Get the full articles via original publisher source at- Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(3), 9-13, March 2019.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Citation Sample 

Gaudencia J. Kiptoo, Miriam G. Kinyua, Oliver K. Kiplagat.
Evaluation of phenolic content of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in association to bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) infestation.
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(3), 9-13, March 2019.
https://innspub.net/ijaar/evaluation-phenolic-content-common-bean-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-association-bean-fly-ophiomyia-spp-infestation/

Evaluation of phenolic cont... by International Network For N... on Scribd

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Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation of mount Kupe, Cameroon | J. Bio. Env. Sci. 14(1), 82-96

By: Barthélemy Tchiengue

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper / manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

A detailed account of the vegetation of Mount Kupe, clothed by a luxurious forest is unknown and this study aims to fill that gap. From altitude 700m above farmlands to the summit, 29 plots of 5000m² each were demarcated and the floristic inventory involved the recording of all tree and shrub individuals of at least 5cm dbh. Diversity indices and many structural parameters were calculated.

Important families and species were determined by calculating the family important and the species's important value indices. The Shannon diversity index dropped from 4.1 in the lower dried submontane zone to 2.2 in the transition to montane zone. The Pielou evenness was 0.8 in the transition between lowland and submontane zone and decreased to 0.6 in the transition to the montane zone. Some of the 11 important plant families are Euphorbiaceae, Guttiferae, Sterculiaceae and Meliaceae. Species A total of 198 species were recorded in the plots and five vegetation zones were discriminated. Amongst species with high IVI there are many Guttiferae (Allanblackia gabonensis Oliv., Garcinia lucida Vesque, G. smeathmannii (Planch. & Triana) N.Robson, Pentadesma grandifolia Bak. F.), and other like Santiria trimera (Oliv) Aubrév., Carapa oreophila Kenfack, Dacryodes klaineana (Pierre) H.J. Lam, and Cylicomorpha solmsii (Urb.)Urb. The distribution of stem individuals according to dbh indicates that large trees are not well represented. Since the forest on mount Kupe is stable, a situation favoring the presence of strict and narrow endemic species, the administration in charge of forestry must control encroachment in order to preserve this treasure. Full pdf articles available at-
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 14(1), 82-96, January 2019.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

Altitudinal zonation of the... by International Network For N... on Scribd

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Effects of Azolla and inorganic nitrogen application on growth and yield of rice in mwea irrigation scheme | IJAAR 14(3), 1-8, March 2019.

By: WA Oyange, GN Chemining’wa, JI Kanya, PN Njiruh

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Use of inorganic fertilizers constitutes 20% of the rice production cost in Mwea. Azolla fern, which grows in Mwea Irrigation paddies, has the potential to supplement the nitrogen requirement, thus reducing the fertilizer costs. A field experiment was conducted in Mwea Irrigation Scheme during 2015 long and short rains to determine the effect of Azolla incorporation and inorganic nitrogen on growth and yield of rice.

The treatments comprised three nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 30 and 60kg N ha^-1) and three Azolla biomass levels (0, 7.5 and 15tons ha^-1) laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. Data on plant height and number of tillers per plant were collected at 21, 35, 45, and 65 and 75 days after transplanting rice while yield and yield components were determined at 120 days after transplanting rice. Soil was analysed for N, P and K, before and after termination of the experiment. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS and means separated using the least significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05. Azolla incorporation significantly increased residual soil phosphorus, grain weight, % grain filling and grain yield. Inorganic nitrogen significantly increased plant height, tiller numbers, neck node, and panicle length, number of panicle m^-2 and grain yield. Grain yield increase from Azolla treatment ranged from 5 to 42% compared to that of inorganic nitrogen which ranged from 18 to 36%. Application of 15t ha^-1 of Azolla biomass recorded the highest yield, however, it was not significantly different from that of 7.5t ha^-1. Get the full abstract at: Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(3), 1-8, March 2019.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Citation Sample 

WA Oyange, GN Chemining’wa, JI Kanya, PN Njiruh.
Effects of Azolla and inorganic nitrogen application on growth and yield of rice in mwea irrigation scheme.
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(3), 1-8, March 2019.
https://innspub.net/ijaar/effects-azolla-inorganic-nitrogen-application-growth-yield-rice-mwea-irrigation-scheme/

Referenc

Effects of Azolla and inorganic nitrogen application on growth and yield of rice in mwea irrigation scheme

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Bocchi S, Malgioglio A. 2010. Azolla-Anabaena as a bio-fertilizer for rice paddy fields in the Po valley, a temperate rice area in northern Italy. International Journal of Agronomy 2010, 152-158.

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Cheng-Wei L,  Yu S,  Bo-Ching C,  Hung-Yu  L. 2014. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health, Vol 11 (4), 4427-40.

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Ganeshamurthy AN, Rupa TR, Kalaivanan D,  Radha TK. 2017. Sources of reactive nitrogen, environmental and climate effects, management options, and policies The Indian Nitrogen Assessment P. 133-147.
Mahalingam PU, Muniappan K, Arumugam N, Senthil MG. 2014. Use of Azolla bio-fertilizer in pot culture studies with paddy crop Oryza sativa. Innovare Journal of Agricultural Science 3(2), 1-6.

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Setiawati MR, Damayani M, Herdiyantoro D, Suryatmana P, Anggraini D, Khumairah HF. 2018. The application dosage of Azolla pinnata in fresh and powder form as organic fertilizer on soil chemical properties, growth and yield of rice plant. AIP Conference Proceedings 1927, 030017 (2018); DOI: 10.1063/1.5021210.

Subedi P, Shrestha J. 2015. Improving soil fertility through Azolla application in low land rice; A review. Azarian Journal of Agriculture 2, 35-39.

Wanjogu RK, Mugambi G, Adoli HL, Shisanya SO, Tamura M. 1992. Mwea Rice Production manual, p22-2.

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Ratio « number of males on number of females » for the mass production of Sarotherodon melanotheron’s fry in concrete tanks | JBES 14(1), 72-81

By: Chikou Antoine

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper / manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

The appropriate proportion of male and female parents that give a highest number of juveniles is a major concern in tilapia culture Sarotherodon melanotheron due to the oral incubation by males. A study of the ratio “number of males to number of females” on fingerlings production has been performed in order to determine the optimal ratio for S. melanotheron.

Five ratios were tested : R1 (1 male to 2 females), R2 (1 male to 3 females), R3 (2 males to 2 females), R4 (2 males to 4 females) and R5 (2 males to 6 females). The experimental device consists of five concrete tanks (1m x 1m x 60cm) filled to 2/3, about 0.17m³ of water. The fish are fed three times a day with a diet containing 35% crude protein. Once a week, the fertilized eggs are collected and incubated in a tank. The hatching rate and larval growth are followed. The experiment was duplicated and lasted 6 weeks to harvest eggs and 40 days to track the growth of larvae. The results show that the number of egg laying is significantly different from a ratio to each other (p ˂ 0.05) and increases with the number of males and females. The highest number of egg laying is obtained with R5 ratio “2 males to 6 females” that seems best for the mass reproduction of juveniles of S. melanotheron. These results provide a basis for the intensive production of S. melanotheron for the aquaculture development in lagoon. Full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 14(1), 72-81, January 2019.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

Ratio « number of males on number of females » for the mass production of Sarotherodon melanotheron’s fry in concrete tanks from Innspub Net

Citation Sample 

Chikou Antoine. Ratio « number of males on number of females » for the mass production of Sarotherodon melanotheron’s fry in concrete tanks. J. Bio. Env. Sci. 14(1), 72-81, January 2019.
https://innspub.net/jbes/ratio-number-males-number-females-mass-production-sarotherodon-melanotherons-fry-concrete-tanks/

Reference:

Ratio « number of males on number of females » for the mass production of Sarotherodon melanotheron’s fry in concrete tanks

Aina MP, Degila H, Chikou A, Adjahatode F, Matejka G. 2012. Risk Of intoxication by heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg) connected to the consumption of some halieutic species in lake Nokoue: case of the Penaeus shrimps and the Sarotherodon melanotheron. British Journal of Science 5(1), 104-118.

Chikou A. 1992. Etude préliminaire des performances de croissances de Sarotherodon melanotheron nourris en bassins avec des composés de son de maïs, de tourteaux de coprah et/ou de palmiste. Thèse d’ingénieur Agronome, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi. Bénin. 116 p.

Chikou A, Fagnon SM, Youssao I, Lalèyè P. 2013. Facteur de condition de Sarotherodon melanotheron (pisces, Cichlidae) dans les eaux douces et saumâtres du Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest). Annales des Sciences Agronomiques, UAC-Bénin, 17(1), 69-76.

Cisse A. 1986. Résultats préliminaires de l’alimentation artificielle de Tilapia guineensis (BLEEKER) et Sarotherodon melanotheron (RUPPEL, 1852) en élevage In: Aquaculture research in the african region, F.I.S. Seminar PUDOC-Wageningen, 103-111 p

Fagnon MS, Chikou A, Youssao I, Lalèyè P. 2013. Caractérisation morphologique des populations de Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces, Cichlidae) en eaux douces et saumâtres au Sud Bénin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(2), 619-630.

Houndonougbo KP, Chikou A, Fagnon S, Fiogbe E. 2013. Etude de la reproduction des populations de Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces, Cichlidae) dans les eaux douces et saumâtres au sud-Bénin. Les Cahiers du CBRST, Benin. 4, 551-569.

Houndonougbo KP, Chikou A, Fagnon S, Fiogbe ED, Laleye P. 2013. Etude de l’écologie des populations de Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron (Pisces, Cichlidae) dans les eaux douces et saumâtres au Sud-Bénin. Communication présentée au 4ème Colloque de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi des Sciences, Cultures et Technologies. Campus universitaire d’Abomey-Calavi du 23 au 28 Septembre 2013, p 686.

Houndonougbo KP, Chikou A, Fousseni A, Fiogbé ED, Lalèyè P. 2013. Fécondité, taille de première maturité sexuelle et condition de Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces, Cichidae) dans les eaux douces et saumâtres du Sud Bénin Communication présentée au 1er colloque des Sciences, Sociétés et Développement organisé par l’Université de Parakou du 27 au 29 Novembre 2013. Bénin, p 54.

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Lederoun D, Chikou A, Vreven E, Snoeks J, Moreau J, Vandewalle P, Lalèyè P. 2015. Population parameters and exploitation rate of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron rüppell, 1852 (Cichlidae) in Lake Toho, Benin.  Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6(2), p. 259-271.

Lederoun D, Parmentier E, Chikou A, Vreven E, Lalèyè P, Snoeks J, Vandewalle P. 2013. How sustainable is the current exploitation of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rûppell, 1852 (Percifoprmes : Cichlidae in lake Toho (Mono Basin, West Africa) ? 2013. Communication présentée au 4ème Colloque de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi des Sciences, Cultures et Technologies. Campus universitaire d’Abomey-Calavi du 23 au 28 Septembre 2013. p 672.

Legendre M. 1983. Observations préliminaires sur la croissance et le comportement en élevage de Sarotherodon melanotheron (RUPPEL 1852) et de Tilapia guineensis (BLEEKER 1852) en lagune Ebrié (Cote d’Ivoire). Centre de Recherche Océanographique, Abidjan 14(2), p 1-36.

Legendre M. 1986. Influence de la densité de l’élevage monosexe et de l’alimentation sur la croissance de Tilapia guineensis et de Sarotherodon melanotheron élevés en cage-enclos en lagune Ebrié (Cote d’Ivoire) Revue HydrobiologieTropicale, p 19-29.

Leveque C, Paugy D. 1984. Guide des poissons d’eau douce de la zone du programme de lutte contre l’onchocercose en Afrique de l’Ouest. Tome 2, 902 p.

Melard C. 1986. Les bases biologiques de l’élevage intensif du tilapia du Nil. Cahiers Ethologie Appliquée 6(3), 224 p.

Ouattara N, N’douba V, Kone T, Snoeks J, Philippart JC. 2005. Performance de croissance d’une souche isolée du Tilapia estuarien Sarotherodon melanotheron. Annales de l’Université M. NGOUABI 6(1), p 113-119.

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Response of maize productivity to nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with blue green algae extract | IJAAR

By: Rasha SA El-Moursy, Abido WAE, Badawi MA

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Abstract

The main purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with blue green algae extract levels on the productivity of maize. Two field experiments were conducted at private farm at Algraydh Village, Bialla district, Kafrelshiekh Governorate, Egypt during 2017 and 2018 seasons. The treatments were allocated in a strip-plot design with four replications.

The vertical-plots were devoted to nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 80, 100 and 120kgN fed^-1). While, the horizontal-plots were assigned to spraying with blue green algae levels (without as control, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0g L^-1). Increasing fertilizer levels up to 120kg N fed^-1 significantly exceeded other levels of nitrogen fertilizer and produced the highest averages of growth characters, yield and grain quality, followed by using 100kg N fed^-1 and there is no significant differences between them in most studied growth characters and yields in both seasons. Foliar spraying with 6.0g L^-1 significantly surpassed other treatments and recorded the maximum averages of growth, yield and its components and grains quality of maize, followed by spraying plants with 4.5g L^-1 and without significant differences between them in all studied characters in both seasons. Generally, mineral fertilizing maize with 100kgN fed^‑1 (saved 20kgN fed^‑1) beside spraying with algae extract at 4.5g L^-1 were recommended for enhancing productivity and seed quality of maize moreover, reducing the pollution resulted from high levels of mineral nitrogen fertilizer under the environmental conditions of Kafrelshiekh Governorate Egypt. 

Introduction

Maize (Zea mays L) is consider one of the major cereal worldwide crops, it is use mainly as human consumption, livestock feed, for industrial purposes as a source of oil, starch extraction and production as well as ethanol production. Its grains contain about 10% protein, 4.8% oil, 8.5% fiber, 66.7% starch, and 7% ash (Khan et al., 2008 and Pavão and Filho, 2011). The allocated area harvested in Egypt reached about 1.08 million hectare with total production 8.00 million tons. But, in the world the total harvested area reached about 187.95 million hectare, with total production 1.06 milliard tons according to (FAO, 2018). Increasing maize production became one of the most important goals of the world to face human and animal demands. Undoubtedly, mineral nitrogen composites i.e. NH4+ and NO3‒ range about 5% of the total nitrogen in soil, although they are consider the useful form of the nutrient absorbed by plants, also mineral nitrogen fertilizer is applied in large quantities to maintain the nutritional condition of different cereal crops life systems (Brady and Weil, 2008). 

 

Mineral nitrogen fertilizer is an important factor of aggro technical practices and essential for increasing growth, production and quality of plants. Nitrogen availability plays a vital role during plant growth stages, due to it is a major component of many composites necessary for plant growth processes such as the component of protoplasm, chlorophyll formation, increase the activity of meristematic, cell division, increases cell size, increase internodes length, proteins content, nucleic acids content such as DNA and component of ATP as energy-transfer composites (Haque et al., 2001 and Iqbal et al., 2006), organize the availability utilization of phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in plants (Brady and Weil, 2002), increase the accumulation of dry matter due to increase in leaf area and thus absorb more solar radiation (Purcell et al., 2002 and Shanahan et al., 2008). Many researchers noticed that apply of nitrogen at an adequate quantity is always vital for produce well growth and development of maize plants. In this connection, nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced plant height, leaf area, stalk diameter, ear height, weight of ear plant-1, 100-grain weight, grains and straw yield ha-1 as well as grain quality (Almodares et al., 2009 and Gruzska et al., 2016). Raising nitrogen fertilizer levels from 90 to 126kgN fed-1 produced the highest grains and straw yields per unit area (Karasu, 2012; Seadh et al., 2013; Gruzska et al., 2016; Abebe and Feyisa, 2017 and Abera et al., 2017). While, application of 150 or 180kg N ha-1 produced the maximum averages of plant height, leaf area, number of seed row-1, grains and straw yield ha-1, protein, oil and carbohydrate contents in maize plants (Cheema et al., 2010; Aghdam et al., 2014; Ali and Anjum, 2017 and Zeleke et al., 2018).

Nowadays, a foliar fertilizers becomes directly available in the plant because it makes them perfect for correcting nutrient deficiencies and they are 100% water soluble. In addition, the prices of agrochemicals became more expensive especially mineral nitrogen, these make farmers with low income from the production of field crops. Foliar spraying is considering one of important technique of fertilization, which may help plants partially compensate the deficient of nutrients uptake by the roots (Ling and Moshe, 2002). So, the use of blue green algae extracts as a source of nitrogen save and moderately the requires of mineral nitrogen in most crop production. 

 

In recent times, there is a great consideration of creating novel relationship between agronomically vital plants, such as wheat, maize and N2 -fixing microorganisms including cyanobacteria (Chen, 2006). Blue green algae extract can use for sustainable agriculture, which, it contains macro and micro elements, natural enzymes, auxins and cytokinins in numerous amounts, also plays vital role in stimulate root establishment, root elongation and enhance vegetative growth of plants (Shaaban, 2001; Zhang and Ervin, 2004 and Raupp and Oltmanns, 2006). Foliar application of algae extract has been noticed to increase photosynthetic pigments, crop growth, total biomass, yield and yield components as well as quality, increase nutrient uptake, resistance to stress conditions and growth promoting hormones (Ghalab and Salem, 2001). It can use as bio-fertilizers which enhanced the vegetative growth of main cereal crops i.e. wheat, rice and maize (Aziz and Hashem, 2004 and Arora et al., 2010).

In addition, it increases the functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus through raised chlorophyll content, total carbohydrates content, starch, amino acids and protein (Yassen et al., 2007). Algae extracts also, are important source of potassium and contains considerable amounts of P, Cu, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn and Mn (Abd El-Mawgoud et al., 2010 and Marrez et al., 2014). Moreover, spraying algae extracts at the rate of 3.5 or 4.5g L-1 caused an increase in productivity and quality of sugar beet plants (Enan et al., 2016).
Thus, the present study has been undertaken to assess the role of mineral nitrogen fertilizer, blue green algae extract levels and its combination on the productivity of maize plants under the ecological studies of the experiments site.

Articles Source:  Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(2), 10-20.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Response of maize productivity to nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with blue green algae extract by International Network for Natural Sciences on Scribd

Citation Sample

Rasha SA El-Moursy, Abido WAE, Badawi MA.
Response of maize productivity to nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with blue green algae extract. Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 14(2), 10-20.
https://innspub.net/ijaar/response-maize-productivity-nitrogen-fertilizer-spraying-blue-green-algae-extract/

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