- Amin Setyo Leksono*, Bagyo Yanuwiadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang, 65145,Indonesia
This
research aimed to analyse the effect of biopesticide and organic liquid
fertilizer on weight and quality of apple. The study was carried out in
Bumiaji, Batu, East Java (805'S, 11280'E, 1400 m in altitude) on July
-December 2013. The liquid organic
fertilizer (LOF) was produced from
water mixed with nitrogen source such asmanure, urin, legume leaves,
phosphoric powder and an energy source such as molasses or sugar juice
This mixture was fermented with local microorganism. Biopesticide was
extracted from Mahogany seed powder and Sour sop leaves and mix with
LOF to get a combination (CB) treatment. Two treatments and a control
wereapplied in different fields. First treatment consisted of
application of the liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), while the second
consisted of combination of the liquid organic fertilizer and
biopesticide (CB). Five
trees were selected per field for data
collection. Application of LOF and CB were conducted every two weeks
untill fruit harvest. Control was conducted in a field with regular
cultivation. Result showed that both treatments increase the weight of
apple production.
Mean
of individual apple weight with CB treatment is slightly higher (115.56
± 29.99 gr/ind) than that with LOF treatment (112.72 ± 9.09 gr/ind).
The effect of both of treatments by applying liquid organic fertilizer
(LOF) and combination (CB) has increased the apple weight (29.8% and
33.1% respectively). In general both treatments have shown to increase
glucose content, Vitamin C and Calcium content in apple fruits.
Full Article Available at
Volume 5, Number 5, November 2014 – IJAAR
Journal: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research
It appears that the highest litter size (P˂0.001) was recorded in lot 1
and lot 2. At weaning, the highest litter size was recorded in lot 2
(P˂0.001). The live weight at 25 and 35 days old in kits of lots 3 and
lot 4 were higher than those recorded in lots 1 and 2 (P˂0.001). The
fertility rateof lot 3 was 100% to 80%, 89% and 70% respectively for
lot 1, 2 and 4 (P˂0.001). The kidding rate was 100% in lots 1, 2 and 4
to 88% in lot 3. Similarly, the highest stillbirth rate was recorded in
lot 3 (P˂0.001). Synedrella nodiflora leaveshad reduced the mortality rate
from the birth to the weaning from 14% to 3.4% with the highest rate
observed in the control group (P˂0.001).Overall, Synedrellanodiflora
leaves using as feed supplement in rabbits improves fertility rate and
litter size, and reduces significantly the mortality rate from birth to
weaning.
Eight
Species of seagrasses andnineteen species of macroalgaewere gathered.
These have been the sampling sites of researchers, most especially
students, for its reputation of having diverse distribution of such
aquatic plants. A total of fifty sampling plots were laid using
quadrats; ten quadrats were arranged alternately with a five-meter
disparity between each plot, placed perpendicularly to the shore. The
study identified species of seagrass belonging to the family
Potamogetonaceae and Hydrocharitaceae. Nineteen species of macroalgae
were identified from where either seagrass was present or absent and
categorized under the family of Dasycladaceae, Ulvaceae, Halimedaceae,
Caulerpaceae, Dictyotaceae, Sargassaceae, Galaxauraceae,
Wurdemanniaceae, Gelidiaceae, Gracilariaceae and
Cryptonemiaceae.Seagrass.
Biodiversity indices such as dominance, Shannon’s diversity, evenness,
species richness and number of individuals were also determined using
PAST software. Distribution analysis revealed the three highest number
of species among the eightseagrass species wereEnhalusacoroides,
Haloduleuninervis and Thalassiahemprichii-such werecommon in both sites.
The Padina minor from the nineteen identified macroalgaespeciesin the
algal community has the most number of species. There are great
indications of seagrass and macroalgae presence with its distribution
when proper sampling procedure is done. Researchers strongly recommend
that physicochemical such salinity and sedimentation and also
correlation on distribution of species be studied further.
