Detection of fungi associated with water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes in Iraq and their pathogenicity under controlled condition | JBES

By: Hurria Hussien Al-Juboory, Hussein Sadeq Musa

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper/manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

The study was carried out in the laboratories at the Faculty of Agriculture, Baghdad University to isolate and identify the species of fungi that associated with water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes. The samples were   collected from Tigris river side’s at Al- Kraat area in north of Baghdad, Iraq.

The presence ratios of fungi were recorded and their pathogenicity was tested.  Results of isolation and identification showed  the presence of fourteen fungi associated with water Hyacinth leaves including; Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus,  Aspergillus niger,  Drechslera sp.,  Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp.,  Fusarium solani,  Macrophomina   phaseolin,  Mucor sp., Mycelia Sterile Fungi, Pythium aphanidermatum, Ulocladium sp.,  Rhizopus  sp. and Trichoderma sp. at different percentages . However, the percentages of presence were deferent and the most frequently were A. alternata and Rhizopus sp. reached 76.33% and 80.40 % respectively.

The percentages of the other fungi were ranged between 4.25% -30.60 %.   It has been found that nine of these fungi, the more prevalent, showed  high capacity of inducing infection on Water hyacinth leaves at percentages ranged between44.4% – 100% compared with zero infection in control. Macrophomina   phaseolina, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus sp. were found to be the more pathogenic with disease severity attained to 100 %. Different symptoms were developed on the leaves inoculated with different fungi as spotting and wilting followed by leaves dryness. This is the first report for fungi associated with water hyacinth leaves at   Al-Kraat area in Iraq. Get the full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 12(2), 24-31, February 2018.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

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Tegene S, Hussein T, Tessema T, Yirefu F, Carmen B, Gossmann M. 2012. Exploration of fungal pathogens associated with water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Laubach] in.Ethiopia. Africa Journal Agricuture Research 7, 11-18.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2008.3.18

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Screening Fenugreek genotypes for high callus induction and growth | IJAAR

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenume-graecum) is a medicinal herb that has anti-diabetic properties. 4-hydroxyisoleucine, an important metabolite of this plant, is a good candidate for improving hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.

In vitro production of metabolites mainly relies on the ability of the tissue culture system to produce more and viable cells with maximum production rate. Callus induction is the first step of establishing plant cell based bioreactors which needs potential genotypes with higher and faster callus production. To find such genotypes, screening them is indispensable. In this research, we screened 21 Iranian landraces of fenugreek for callus induction and growth on MS medium supplemented with some plant growth regulators. The results showed different capacity of the screened genotypes in callus induction (P<0.05). Also, the type of explant had a significant effect on callus induction (P<0.05). Calli were able to produce 4-Hydroxyisulosine 67% of the amount in vivo samples. Get the full articles at- Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 12(6), 146-154, June 2018.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

Reference:

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Afshari E, Ranjbar GA, Kazemitabar SK, Riasat M, Kazemi Poshtmasari H. 2011. Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Iranian Journal of medicinal and aromatic plants 27(51), 147-160.
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El-Nour MM, Mohammed LS, Saeed BA. 2013. “In vitro Callus induction of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Using Different Media with Different Auxins Concentrations.” Agric. Biol. JN Am 4(3), 243-251.
Elaleem KGA, Magda MS, Badr EA. 2014. “Study of the in vitro callus induction Trigonella foenum-graecum L. from cotyledons and hypocotyls explants supplemented with various plant hormones.” Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 3(12), 486-493.
ElNour ME, Ali AM, Saeed BE. 2015. “Effect of different concentration of Auxin and combination with kinetin on callus initiation on Trigonella foenum-graecum L” International Journal of Technical Research and Applications 3(2), 117-122.
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Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J. 2011. “Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase for production of useful amino acids.” Applied and environmental microbiology 77(19), 6926-6930.
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Mehrafarin A, Qaderi A, Rezazadeh SH, Naghdi Badi H, Noormohammadi GH, Zand E. 2011. “A review on biology, cultivation and biotechnology of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as a valuable medicinal plant and multipurpos 24-6, (37)1.
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Shahabzadeh Z, Heidari B, Faramarzi R. 2013. “Induction of transgenic hairy roots in Trigonella foenum-graceum co-cultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring a GFP gene.” Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 16(4), 263-268.
Shohael A, Chakrabarty D, Yu K, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. 2005. “Application of bioreactor system for large-scale production of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus somatic embryos in an air-lift bioreactor and production of eleutherosides.” Journal of biotechnology 120(2), 228-236.
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Zandi P, Saikat Kumar B, Khatibani L, Balogun M, Aremu MO, Sharma M, Ashwin K, Yanshan L. 2015. “Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed: a review of physiological and biochemical properties and their genetic improvement.” Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(1), 1714.

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The role of arbuscular mycorriza fungi (AMF) on water stress on soybean yield-JBES

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper/manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

The study was to analyze the role of Arbuscular Mycorriza Fungi (AMF) on water stress on soybean yield (Glycine max L. Merril). The study was conducted in screen house Experimental farm and Biology Soil laboratory in Agriculture Faculty Syiah Kuala University, from June 21 until October 10, 2016. Randomized design was arranged with 3 replications and 2 factorial. Factor AMF is M0=without AMF and M1=40 g-1AMF. Factor water stress is I1 = watering every 1 day; I2= watering every 3 days; I3 = watering every 5 days; I4 = watering every 7 days; I5 =watering every 9 days; I6 = watering every 11 days; I7 = watering every 13 days; I8= watering every 15 days; I9 = watering every 17 days; I10= watering every 19 days. Parameter generative of soybean are, the total pods account, a number of pods packed; heavy of pods; dry weight of root; dry weight top plant; dry weight of beans and a number of beans. The result showed that the doces of AMF 40 g plant-1significantly influence generative soybean contrast to control (without AMF). Soybean can be adapted in watering every 5 days. Get the full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 12(1), 83-89, January 2018.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

Reference:

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Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2015. www.Bps.go.id Brundrett M. C., and L. K. Abbott (2002). Arbuscula mycorrhiza in plant communities in Plant Conservation and Biodiversity.
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Bolandnazar SN, Aliasgarzad MR, Neishabury N. Chaparzadeh. 2007. Mycorrhizal colonization improves  onion  (Allium  cepa  L.)  yield and  water  use  efficiency  under  water  deficit condition. Scientia horticulturae. 114, 11-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05012
Colla G, Rouphael Y, Di Mattia E, El-Nakhel EC, Cardarelli M. 2015.   Co-inoculation of Glomus intraradices  and  Trichoderma  atroviride  acts  as a biostimulant to promote growth, yield and nutrient uptake of vegetable crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95, 1706-1715. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.687.5
Carenho R, Botelho Trufem SF, Ramos Benoni VL, Silva ES. 2007. The effect of different soil properties on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal colonization of peauts, sorghum, and maize. Acta Bot Bras. 21(3), Sao Paulo.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S010233062007000300018.
Christopher RB, Tony JV, Boomsma CR, Vyn TJ. 2008. Maize drought tolerance: Potential improvements through Arbuscular Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Field Crops Research 108, 14–31.
Harwani, 2006. Biodiversity and efficiency of bradyrhizobial strain and Arbuscular Mycorryzal fungi of soybean cultivars grown in haroti region of Rajasthan, Ph. D thesis.
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Komatshu, Z and Hossain, 2013. Organ specific proteome analysis for identification of biotic stress response mechanism in crop. Front. Plant Sci 4-71. www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2013
Ribas ML, Carbo, Taylor NL, Giles LV, Busquets S, Finnegan PM, Day DA. 2005. Effect of water stress on respiration in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol; 139, 466-73.
Schachman JQD, Goodger. 2008. Chemical root to shoot signaling under drougt, trends plant Sci. 13 281-287. Pubmed Soheil, K.2011.Soybean Production under water deficit conditions. Journal  Annals  of Biological Research. 2(2), 423-434.
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Inheritance of soybean resistance to soybean rust in Uganda’s soybean germplasm | IJAAR

By: Hailay Mehari Gebremedhn, Miesho Belay Weldekidan, Ulemu Mercy Msiska, Fentaw Abate Asmamaw, Thomas Lapaka Odong, Phinehas Tukamuhabwa, Patrick Rubaihayo

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

Understanding the genetic mechanisms of soybean rust resistance is important for effective selection and breeding procedures. This study was hence conducted to determine the combining ability and gene action controlling soybean rust using a 10×10 half diallel mating design. The F2 segregating populations along with their parents were evaluated for rust severity and sporulation level at two reproductive stages (R4 and R6) in screen house and field conditions during the second season of 2016 and first season of 2017 at MUARIK using an alpha lattice design replicated thrice. Significant differences were observed among the parents and F2 generations for both disease severity and sporulation level. General and specific combining abilities were highly significant. The GCA/SCA ratio (1.50-2.30) and the Baker’s ratio (0.75-0.82) showed the predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of soybean rust resistance. The broad-sense (0.94-0.99) and narrow-sense (0.73-0.82) heritability estimates indicated the possibility of improving resistance to soybean rust through selection in the early generations. UG 5, Maksoy 3N, Maksoy 4N and Maksoy 5N had negative GCA effects. The F2 populations derived from these parents crossed with Wonder soya and Nam 2 had also negative SCA effects. The use of these parents and F2 populations can, therefore, increase the response to selection for improving resistance to soybean rust.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

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Impact of wheat-rapeseed perimeter crop and environmental factors on the occurrence and population abundance of wheat aphid species | IJAAR

By: Rashid Ahmed Khan, Muhammed Naveed, Mureed Hussain

"" IJAAR welcome all of you to submit your research paper for publication in the field of Agriculture, Agronomy, Horticulture etc. Please submit your manuscripts via Online submission panel.""

The wheat aphid species individually and collectively cause severe damage to the wheat crop qualitatively and quantitatively. The incidence of these aphids is influenced by a number of biotic factors such as host plant resistance, availability of the natural enemies and the major abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall. In the present investigation, the incidence and abundance of wheat aphid species were recorded with rapeseed as a perimeter crop. The results showed that wheat was infested by two major aphid species, bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae with rapeseed as a perimeter crop. The results further suggested that the level of infestation in wheat with perimeter crop remained low compared to check, influenced by the presence of natural enemies, however, the level of infestation of M. persicae remained highly influenced by the high level of infestation in rapeseed. In light of the above experimental results we concluded that the rapeseed influenced the population of R. padi and deterred S. avenae, however, encouraged M. persicae to infest wheat crop. Get full articles at: Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 12(6), 109-115, June 2018.

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

 

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Natural regeneration of some commercial timber tree species following selective logging in a semi deciduous forest in the east region of Cameroon|JBES

By: Seraphine Ebenye Mokake

JBES welcome all respective authors to submit their research paper/manuscripts, thesis paper in the field of Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Ecology, Taxonomy and many more via online submission panel

A critical step in sustainable forest management is to ensure the establishment and regeneration of seedlings and sapling of exploitable tree species following logging. Since selective logging is one of the main silvicultural practices in Cameroon, a detailed understanding of regeneration following selective logging is vital. 

This study evaluated the natural regeneration of some commercial timber species in logged and unlogged forest types in two forest management units (FMU) in the East Region of Cameroon (FMU 10052 and 10025). Two transects of 5000 x 50m each were established in logged and unlogged forest types. Eleven commercial tree species were assessed for fruit fall, the number of seedlings established and the height increment of the established seedlings. Three of these commercial tree species fruited in both forest types. Fruit fall was significantly higher (p≤0.001)in the logged forest (492 fruits/ha)than in the unlogged forest (52 fruits/ha). Comparing species that fruited in both forest types Klainedoxa gabonensis recorded the highest number of fruit fall(84 fruits/ha) and least (0.24 fruits/ha) in the logged and unlogged forest types respectively. Seedling establishment was significantly higher (p≤0.001) in the unlogged forest (404 seedlings/ha) than in the logged forest (72 seedlings /ha). Seedling performance was better in the unlogged forest compared to the logged forest (low mortality rate). Due to the low seedling establishment and performance of these species in the logged forest, seed trees should be marked and protected prior and after logging as prescribed in the sustainable forest management.

Get the full articles at: J. Bio. Env. Sci. 12(1), 22-39, January 2018.

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences-JBES is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences-INNSPUB. JBES published original scientific articles in different field of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity. JBES published 2 Volume and 12 issue per calender year.

Reference:

Natural regeneration of some commercial timber tree species following selective logging in a semi deciduous forest in the east region of Cameroon
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Natural regeneration of some commercial timber tree species following selective logging in a semi deciduous forest in the east region of Cameroon|JBES from Innspub Net

 

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Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and early growth vigour | IJAAR

By: Baraka Barnabas Mdenye

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz.) establishment depends on quality of planting materials. The experiment was done to determine the effects storage and variety on crop establishment and early growth vigour. Karembo and KME 4 varieties were stored in clamp under double shade (CUDS), horizontal under shade (HUS), vertical under shade (VUS) and horizontal under open ground (HOUG) as control for 16 weeks.

Planting materials was sampled from each storage methods after every 4 weeks and taken to field to evaluate their sprouting ability, number of primary shoots formation, number of leaves, rate of leaf formation and early growth vigour. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated by LSD. Sprouting percentage at Kabete was 54.73 % while in Kiboko had 37.78 %. The results showed that Kabete had 1.60 number of primary shoots per plant compared to 1.04 of Kiboko. The results showed KME4 had higher sprouting than Karembo in both sites. This can be due to genetic difference among varieties. The rate of leaf formation at Kiboko was higher as compared to Kabete it could be contribute difference in temperature between locations. Thus, optimum temperature and relative humidity should be factored in cassava cuttings storage to avoid increased death of stored cuttings. In case of storage cassava cuttings, should be stored in clamp under double shade methods under low temperature and moderate RH.
Get original articles via publisher website. Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 12(1), 1-10, January 2018

International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research - IJAAR is an open-access scholarly research journal, published by International Network for Natural Sciences. IJAAR publishes original scientific research articles in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. IJAAR published 2 Volume and 12 issue per the calendar year.

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Effect of storage methods of cassava planting materials on establishment and early growth vigour | IJAAR from Innspub Net

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The comparison of organic waste compost quality between aerated static pile and open windrow method in Cahaya kencana landfill south Kalimantan Indonesia - JBES

By: Rizqi Puteri Mahyudin, Muhammad Firmansyah, Melida Rima Fatimah

This research is intended to analyzed composting condition of leaf organic waste (temperature and pH fluctuation), and analyzed the compost quality comparison between aerated static piles (ASP) and open windrow method.

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Mode of inheritance of resistance to the stalk-eyed fly (Diopsis longicornis) in rice

Stalk eyed flies (D. longicornis and D. apicalis) are pests of economic importance on rice. Of the two species of stalk- eyed fly, D. longicornis is the most prevalent and destructive. To determine the mode of inheritance for resistance to the stalk-eyed fly in rice in Uganda, crosses were made among eight parental lines (NERICA4, TXD306, K85, NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1, NERICA1, NERICA6, NAMCHE2 and PAKISTAN) selected on the basis of their response to the stalk-eyed fly, high yield and early maturity. Of the eight, four genotypes [NERICA4, TXD306, and NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1 and K85], exhibited lower levels of deadheart occurrence and were crossed using the North Carolina II mating design with four susceptible genotypes [NERICA1 and NERICA6, PAKISTAN, and NAMCHE2]. Studies on combining abilities were conducted on 16 F1 hybrids along with the eight parents. Narrow sense coefficients of genetic determination (NSCGD) were low to moderate (0.09 – 0.33) and broad sense coefficients of genetic determination (BSCGD) were moderate to high (0.38 – 0.89) for traits studied. Both GCA and SCA effects were significant for percentage of deadhearts. However, Baker’s ratio was less than 0.5 (0.37) for deadhearts, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in resistance to the stalk-eyed fly, although non-additive gene effects were more important. NERICA4 andK85 were found to be good general combiners for increasing resistance. The crosses Pakistan × TXD306 and NERICA1× NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1 were identified as promising lines for advancement.

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IJAAR, October 2018 Issue | Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 13(4)

Water physico-chemical properties of the Khafjee and Jubail Sabkhas, Eastern Saudi Arabia
By: Sawsan Hussein Ahmed Karsani, Nayef S. D. AL-Shammari, Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali 
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res. 13(4), 1-6. 

Pollination efficiency of Braunsapis sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon)

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